地域适应下农区藏式传统民居建筑环境与节能潜力研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 15:29

【摘要】：藏式民居建筑经历了历史的变迁,聚合了地域、宗教等因素,成为了中国民居建筑的重要组成部分。作为藏区至今延用的地标性的建筑形态,是少数民族建筑智慧的集中体现。本文以甘肃甘南农区木质藏式民居建筑为研究对象,以实地访谈、调研为基础,归纳总结了该地区传统民居资源的特征,多层面深入发掘其自然条件、人文环境、建筑特色等因素,以实现保护与利用相结合为基本原则,为改善甘南农区人居环境提供研究基础,从而实现可持续发展的新型生态藏式农村民居建设。通过对甘南藏族自治州迭部县哇曲村典型藏式民居冬、夏季室内外温湿度的测量,分析得出了藏族传统民居建筑热环境状况。结果表明:结合当地的历史、地理、气候等因素,哇曲村形成了独特的村落构成和单体民居建筑构造。藏族传统民居外围护结构具有较好的热工性能,建筑热环境的被动式调节使室内热舒适状况需要通过综合的、节能的手段来进一步改善。在基于被动式技术改造的原则下,综合考虑当地建筑风格及民俗,使用DeST-h设计了建筑本体改造、墙体保温、更换外窗、增设南向阳光间等几种节能改造方案,分析了各种措施在降低建筑采暖能耗中的潜力。提出采用综合性节能改造体系降低寒冷地区藏式住宅能耗,改善藏式民居室内热舒适性。结果表明:相比基准藏式民居能耗,南向砖墙和烟道增设60mm和40mm合理厚度的膨胀聚苯板后节能率分别为22.04%和14.69%,增大南向窗墙比且更换中空玻璃、设置南向阳光间以及增加夯土墙厚度均可显著降低能耗。相比基础能耗,节能率分别为17.62%、22.80%、26.32%。基于正交试验方法,综合各项节能措施,优化的节能措施组合可以使现有的藏式民居冬季的全年累计热负荷达到61.4%的整体节能率,室内基础室温分布明显改善,且具有较好的经济性。
[Abstract]:Tibetan residential buildings have experienced historical changes, converging regional, religious and other factors, has become an important part of Chinese residential architecture. As a landmark architectural form, it is the concentrated embodiment of the architectural wisdom of ethnic minorities. Based on field interviews and investigation, this paper summarizes the characteristics of traditional residential resources in Gannan, Gansu Province, and explores the natural conditions and humanistic environment of them in many ways, taking the wood-Tibetan residential buildings in Gannan agricultural area as the research object, and on the basis of field interviews and investigations, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the traditional residential resources in this area. Based on the basic principle of combining protection and utilization, the architectural characteristics provide the research basis for improving the living environment in Gannan agricultural area, and thus realize the sustainable development of the new eco-Tibetan rural residential construction. By measuring the temperature and humidity of typical Tibetan houses in Waguqu Village, Diubu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, this paper analyzes the thermal environment of Tibetan traditional houses in winter and summer. The results show that the local history, geography, climate and other factors have formed a unique village structure and individual residential architecture. The external enclosure structure of Tibetan traditional residence has better thermal performance. The passive regulation of building thermal environment makes the indoor thermal comfort condition need to be further improved by means of comprehensive and energy-saving means. Based on the principle of passive technical transformation and considering the local architectural style and folklore comprehensively, this paper designs several energy saving retrofit schemes using DeST-h, such as building body transformation, wall insulation, replacing outer window, adding south sunshine room, etc. The potential of various measures in reducing building heating energy consumption is analyzed. A comprehensive energy saving reform system is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of Tibetan houses in cold areas and to improve the thermal comfort of Tibetan houses. The results show that compared with the energy consumption of the standard Tibetan dwelling, the energy saving rate of the expanded polystyrene plate with reasonable thickness of 60mm and 40mm in the south brick wall and flue is 22.04% and 14.699.The ratio of the south window to the wall is increased and the insulating glass is replaced. The energy consumption can be significantly reduced by setting the south sun and increasing the thickness of the rammed earth wall. Compared with the basic energy consumption, the energy saving rate is 17.62%, 22.80% and 26.32% respectively. Based on the orthogonal test method, the optimized combination of energy saving measures can make the accumulated heat load of the existing Tibetan dwelling in winter reach 61.4% of the total energy saving rate, and the indoor basic room temperature distribution is obviously improved. And has better economy.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU253;TU111.4

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