公共场所大流量人员疏散问题的研究
发布时间：2018-10-23 16:16
【摘要】：在公共场所人员疏散中,通过计算机虚拟仿真,可以在规划、设计阶段就对建筑内人员的安全情况进行充分的预测,以便及早发现室内布局和人员数量等方面对疏散过程的影响,为建筑设计和室内陈设提供依据。本文以校园内教室、食堂和教学楼作为基本模型,对人员紧急情况下的疏散过程进行系统论述,得到出口数量、出口位置、人员数量和行走路径同疏散时间的关系。利用元胞自动机理论建立疏散空间的静态和动态地场模型,得出人在疏散时的移动规律,并将遗传算法与元胞自动机模型相结合,以疏散路径作为研究对象,实现最优路径的选择。在UG三维数字化建模软件和流程仿真软件QUEST下,搭建教室、食堂和教学楼的整体布局模型,利用元胞自动机地场模型结合软件自身的功能模块对人员疏散过程的逻辑事件进行定义。在不同出口数量、位置、人员数量和行走路径的条件下进行计算机仿真,分析仿真数据得出出口数量与疏散时间、拥堵人数的关系以及能够提高疏散效率的最优路径。本文采用遗传算法思想,根据疏散环境计算最优疏散路径。通过计算适应度值和选择概率来配置教学楼内经过不同楼梯的人员数量,使其达到最优的疏散路径和最少的疏散时间,并通过计算机模拟验证了在人员疏散中采用遗传算法的可行性和实用性。
[Abstract]:In the evacuation of people in public places, through computer virtual simulation, the safety situation of the people in the building can be fully predicted in the planning and design stages. In order to find out the influence of indoor layout and number of personnel on the evacuation process as early as possible and provide the basis for architectural design and interior furnishings. Taking the classroom, canteen and teaching building as the basic model, this paper systematically discusses the evacuation process of the personnel emergency, and obtains the relationship between the number of exits, the location of the exit, the number of people and the walking path and the evacuation time. The static and dynamic ground field models of evacuation space are established by using cellular automata theory, and the moving laws of human beings during evacuation are obtained. The genetic algorithm is combined with the cellular automata model, and the evacuation path is taken as the research object. The choice of optimal path is realized. The overall layout model of classroom, canteen and teaching building is built under UG 3D digital modeling software and process simulation software QUEST. The logical events of evacuation process are defined by the cellular automata ground field model and the function module of the software itself. Under the conditions of different exit number, location, person number and walking path, computer simulation is carried out, and the relationship between exit quantity and evacuation time, congestion number and the optimal route to improve evacuation efficiency is obtained by analyzing the simulation data. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to calculate the optimal evacuation path according to the evacuation environment. Through the calculation of fitness and selection probability, the number of people passing through different staircases in the teaching building is configured to achieve the optimal evacuation path and minimum evacuation time. The feasibility and practicability of using genetic algorithm in evacuation are verified by computer simulation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1
本文编号：2289789
[Abstract]:In the evacuation of people in public places, through computer virtual simulation, the safety situation of the people in the building can be fully predicted in the planning and design stages. In order to find out the influence of indoor layout and number of personnel on the evacuation process as early as possible and provide the basis for architectural design and interior furnishings. Taking the classroom, canteen and teaching building as the basic model, this paper systematically discusses the evacuation process of the personnel emergency, and obtains the relationship between the number of exits, the location of the exit, the number of people and the walking path and the evacuation time. The static and dynamic ground field models of evacuation space are established by using cellular automata theory, and the moving laws of human beings during evacuation are obtained. The genetic algorithm is combined with the cellular automata model, and the evacuation path is taken as the research object. The choice of optimal path is realized. The overall layout model of classroom, canteen and teaching building is built under UG 3D digital modeling software and process simulation software QUEST. The logical events of evacuation process are defined by the cellular automata ground field model and the function module of the software itself. Under the conditions of different exit number, location, person number and walking path, computer simulation is carried out, and the relationship between exit quantity and evacuation time, congestion number and the optimal route to improve evacuation efficiency is obtained by analyzing the simulation data. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to calculate the optimal evacuation path according to the evacuation environment. Through the calculation of fitness and selection probability, the number of people passing through different staircases in the teaching building is configured to achieve the optimal evacuation path and minimum evacuation time. The feasibility and practicability of using genetic algorithm in evacuation are verified by computer simulation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1
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