节能型村镇住宅设计阶段工程造价控制研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 15:44
【摘要】：近年来，在新农村建设和城镇化发展的不断推动下，，我国村镇住宅建设速度呈现上升趋势，住宅投资迅速飙升。随着经济不断发展和农民收入的不断增加，农民对居住条件的改善要求更加强烈，为适应新疆严寒的气候条件，该地区新建住宅慢慢变成了节能保温型住宅，节能住宅与传统住宅相比，提高了室内舒适度，但增加了建造成本，因此节能住宅的投资成为农民关注的焦点。而对于住宅建设项目来讲，设计阶段是决定工程建设经济性的关键阶段，设计阶段对整个住宅投资的影响达到75%以上，多数住宅项目都有一套对设计阶段进行造价控制的方案，如通过方案优化、限额设计、价值工程和全生命周期成本控制等方法对住宅投资进行有效控制，使投资者能够节约成本。新疆地区村镇住宅量大面广，但由于建设规模相对较小，因此对于住宅造价的投资控制往往被忽视。 本文以新疆严寒地区村镇住宅为研究对象，借鉴建设项目在设计阶段进行造价控制的方法，考虑村镇住宅建造的特殊性，将造价控制方法合理的运用到小规模村镇住宅建设过程中，提出了对于节能型村镇住宅进行造价控制的运用过程，从而达到合理控制村镇住宅建造成本的目的，主要研究成果如下： （1）通过查阅大量的国内外文献资料，总结了国内外在住宅建设领域成本控制方面的历史和现状，并根据现在住宅造价控制情况，提出对新疆严寒地区村镇节能住宅造价控制研究的紧迫性。 （2）阐释利用限额设计和价值工程在设计阶段进行造价控制的理论方法，并分析两种方法单独应用的不足，提出两者同时使用进行造价控制来确定最优方案的思路。 （3）针对村镇住宅进行了设计阶段造价影响因素分析，并对新疆严寒地区村镇住宅建造情况进行了调研，提出了该地区节能型村镇住宅优化设计参考方案。 （4）提出节能村镇住宅经济性评价模型，对新疆严寒地区节能型村镇住宅进行了经济性评价，住宅进行节能措施后，煤炭使用量降低，在住宅寿命周期内考虑煤炭价格的年增长率，增加的节能投资在11.45年内就能回收，节能措施可行。 （5）利用限额设计和价值工程理论分析工程实际案例：投资者给定总投资额和确定的住宅户型，利用广联达软件计算三种结构形式（砖混、框架、轻钢）的预算成本，在控制总投资的前提下，利用价值工程分析各方案的功能、成本和价值系数，由此确定该案例中砖混结构设计为最优建造方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of new countryside and urbanization, the construction speed of village and town houses in our country is on the rise, and the housing investment is soaring rapidly. With the development of economy and the increase of farmers' income, the farmers' demand for improvement of living conditions is stronger. In order to adapt to the severe weather conditions in Xinjiang, the newly built houses in this area have gradually become energy-efficient and heat-preservation houses. Compared with the traditional residential buildings, energy-saving housing improves indoor comfort, but increases the cost of construction, so the investment of energy-saving housing has become the focus of farmers' attention. For residential construction projects, the design stage is the key stage to determine the economy of engineering construction, and the impact of the design stage on the whole housing investment reaches more than 75%. Most housing projects have a set of projects to control the cost of the design phase, such as project optimization, quota design, value engineering and life-cycle cost control and other methods to effectively control housing investment. Enable investors to save costs. The amount of residential buildings in villages and towns in Xinjiang is large and wide, but because of the relatively small scale of construction, the investment control of housing cost is often ignored. This paper takes the residential houses of villages and towns in the cold area of Xinjiang as the research object, referring to the method of cost control in the design stage of the construction projects, considering the particularity of the construction of the houses in villages and towns. This paper applies the method of cost control to the process of small scale village house construction, and puts forward the application process of cost control for energy saving village house, so as to achieve the purpose of reasonably controlling the construction cost of village and town residence. The main research results are as follows: (1) by consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the paper summarizes the history and current situation of cost control in the field of housing construction, and according to the current situation of housing cost control, The urgency of the study on the cost control of energy-saving houses in villages and towns in severe cold area of Xinjiang is put forward. (2) explain the theory and method of cost control by using quota design and value engineering in the design stage, and analyze the shortage of the two methods used separately, and put forward the idea of using cost control to determine the optimal scheme simultaneously. (3) based on the analysis of the factors affecting the cost of the village residence in the design stage, the paper investigates the construction situation of the village house in the severe cold area of Xinjiang, and puts forward the optimum design plan of the energy-saving village house in this area. (4) the economic evaluation model of energy-saving village residence is put forward, and the economic evaluation of energy saving village house in severe cold area of Xinjiang is carried out. After the energy saving measures are carried out, the coal consumption is reduced. Considering the annual growth rate of coal price in the residential life cycle, the increased energy saving investment can be recovered within 11.45 years, and the energy-saving measures are feasible. (5) using the quota design and the theory of value engineering to analyze the actual engineering cases: the investor gives the total investment amount and the determined housing type, and calculates the budget cost of the three structural forms (brick-concrete, frame, light steel) by using the Guanglianda software. Under the premise of controlling the total investment, the function, cost and value coefficient of each scheme are analyzed by using value engineering, and the design of brick and concrete structure in this case is determined as the optimal construction scheme.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241;TU201.7
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of new countryside and urbanization, the construction speed of village and town houses in our country is on the rise, and the housing investment is soaring rapidly. With the development of economy and the increase of farmers' income, the farmers' demand for improvement of living conditions is stronger. In order to adapt to the severe weather conditions in Xinjiang, the newly built houses in this area have gradually become energy-efficient and heat-preservation houses. Compared with the traditional residential buildings, energy-saving housing improves indoor comfort, but increases the cost of construction, so the investment of energy-saving housing has become the focus of farmers' attention. For residential construction projects, the design stage is the key stage to determine the economy of engineering construction, and the impact of the design stage on the whole housing investment reaches more than 75%. Most housing projects have a set of projects to control the cost of the design phase, such as project optimization, quota design, value engineering and life-cycle cost control and other methods to effectively control housing investment. Enable investors to save costs. The amount of residential buildings in villages and towns in Xinjiang is large and wide, but because of the relatively small scale of construction, the investment control of housing cost is often ignored. This paper takes the residential houses of villages and towns in the cold area of Xinjiang as the research object, referring to the method of cost control in the design stage of the construction projects, considering the particularity of the construction of the houses in villages and towns. This paper applies the method of cost control to the process of small scale village house construction, and puts forward the application process of cost control for energy saving village house, so as to achieve the purpose of reasonably controlling the construction cost of village and town residence. The main research results are as follows: (1) by consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the paper summarizes the history and current situation of cost control in the field of housing construction, and according to the current situation of housing cost control, The urgency of the study on the cost control of energy-saving houses in villages and towns in severe cold area of Xinjiang is put forward. (2) explain the theory and method of cost control by using quota design and value engineering in the design stage, and analyze the shortage of the two methods used separately, and put forward the idea of using cost control to determine the optimal scheme simultaneously. (3) based on the analysis of the factors affecting the cost of the village residence in the design stage, the paper investigates the construction situation of the village house in the severe cold area of Xinjiang, and puts forward the optimum design plan of the energy-saving village house in this area. (4) the economic evaluation model of energy-saving village residence is put forward, and the economic evaluation of energy saving village house in severe cold area of Xinjiang is carried out. After the energy saving measures are carried out, the coal consumption is reduced. Considering the annual growth rate of coal price in the residential life cycle, the increased energy saving investment can be recovered within 11.45 years, and the energy-saving measures are feasible. (5) using the quota design and the theory of value engineering to analyze the actual engineering cases: the investor gives the total investment amount and the determined housing type, and calculates the budget cost of the three structural forms (brick-concrete, frame, light steel) by using the Guanglianda software. Under the premise of controlling the total investment, the function, cost and value coefficient of each scheme are analyzed by using value engineering, and the design of brick and concrete structure in this case is determined as the optimal construction scheme.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241;TU201.7
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9 余U
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