秦咸阳—汉长安象天法地规划思想与方法研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 11:15
【摘要】：中国古代文明具有整体性和普遍联系的特征,都城规划中“象天法地”的思想就是其典型反映。在中国古代都城规划中,象天法地思想占有非常重要的地位,然而,目前尚缺乏系统性的研究和实证性的案例支撑。本文就秦汉都城象天法地规划思想和方法展开研究。首先,还原秦咸阳、汉长安的营建过程和历史地理环境,确定关键宫殿的位置,揭示了秦汉都城规划在中心、轴线、空间模式上的转变。其次,总结出古人象天法地的空间实践具有“居中”、“求正”、“同构”、“重始”、“崇高”的思想特征和相应技术。再次,厘清秦汉时期的天空结构,复原了秦始皇、汉武帝的岁首(或历元)星图。最后,探索“天地对应”的方法,复原了秦咸阳、汉长安象天法地的规划图式,总结出“以天极对应地中”、“以天之正朔对应地之正位”、“以太微—四守或五宫四象组织都城布局”、“以重要宫殿或雕塑标识日、岁星起始位置”、“以高台、复道、登封通天候仙”的象天法地规划方法。研究发现,秦汉时期象天法地的都城规划上映群星,下合山川,并与历法相关联,体现出中国古代天地对应、时空一体的建城思想。古人在天地观照下营建都城,又从都城规划中一窥天地全貌,形成了“法天地而居之”的人居文化传统。这种谋求“空间秩序”的规划思想和方法,对当今的人居环境建设,具有积极的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Ancient Chinese civilization has the characteristics of integrity and universal connection, and the idea of "like heaven and earth" in capital planning is a typical reflection. In the planning of ancient Chinese capital, the thought of like heaven and the earth occupies a very important position, however, there is still a lack of systematic research and empirical case support. This paper studies the planning thought and method of the capital of Qin and Han dynasties. First of all, the construction process and historical geographical environment of Qin Xianyang and Han Chang'an were restored, the location of key palaces was determined, and the transformation of the center, axis and spatial pattern of the capital planning of Qin and Han dynasties was revealed. Secondly, it concludes that the space practice of the ancients like the heaven and the earth has the ideological characteristics and corresponding techniques of "center", "seeking correct", "isomorphism", "rebeginning" and "sublime". Thirdly, the sky structure of Qin and Han dynasties was clarified and the star map of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was restored. Finally, exploring the method of "heaven and earth correspondence", restoring the planning schemata of Qin Xianyang and Han Chang'an, and summing up "in the middle of the earth corresponding to the sky pole" and "the right position of the earth corresponding to the new day of the sky". "the layout of the capital of the four or five palaces and four elephants", "marking the day with important palaces or sculptures, the starting position of the stars", and "using the high platform, the complex road, and the Dengfeng of the sky to hold the immortal" is the planning method of the elephant heaven and the earth. The study found that the capital of the Qin and Han dynasties, like heaven and earth, planned to display the stars, down to the mountains and rivers, and associated with the calendar, which reflected the ancient Chinese thought of building a city corresponding to heaven and earth and integrating space and time. The ancients built the capital under the view of heaven and earth, and viewed the whole world from the planning of the capital, forming the human settlement cultural tradition of "living in the world by law". This planning thought and method of seeking "space order" has positive significance for the construction of human settlement environment.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.2
本文编号：2328948
[Abstract]:Ancient Chinese civilization has the characteristics of integrity and universal connection, and the idea of "like heaven and earth" in capital planning is a typical reflection. In the planning of ancient Chinese capital, the thought of like heaven and the earth occupies a very important position, however, there is still a lack of systematic research and empirical case support. This paper studies the planning thought and method of the capital of Qin and Han dynasties. First of all, the construction process and historical geographical environment of Qin Xianyang and Han Chang'an were restored, the location of key palaces was determined, and the transformation of the center, axis and spatial pattern of the capital planning of Qin and Han dynasties was revealed. Secondly, it concludes that the space practice of the ancients like the heaven and the earth has the ideological characteristics and corresponding techniques of "center", "seeking correct", "isomorphism", "rebeginning" and "sublime". Thirdly, the sky structure of Qin and Han dynasties was clarified and the star map of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was restored. Finally, exploring the method of "heaven and earth correspondence", restoring the planning schemata of Qin Xianyang and Han Chang'an, and summing up "in the middle of the earth corresponding to the sky pole" and "the right position of the earth corresponding to the new day of the sky". "the layout of the capital of the four or five palaces and four elephants", "marking the day with important palaces or sculptures, the starting position of the stars", and "using the high platform, the complex road, and the Dengfeng of the sky to hold the immortal" is the planning method of the elephant heaven and the earth. The study found that the capital of the Qin and Han dynasties, like heaven and earth, planned to display the stars, down to the mountains and rivers, and associated with the calendar, which reflected the ancient Chinese thought of building a city corresponding to heaven and earth and integrating space and time. The ancients built the capital under the view of heaven and earth, and viewed the whole world from the planning of the capital, forming the human settlement cultural tradition of "living in the world by law". This planning thought and method of seeking "space order" has positive significance for the construction of human settlement environment.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.2
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