城市既有高层社区防灾系统改造策略研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 11:25

【摘要】：我国目前处于快速城市化阶段,大量人口涌入城市。由于城市人口骤增和城市土地的愈发稀缺,高层社区如雨后春笋般拔地而起。高层社区由于建筑密集,人口集聚,在灾害面前愈发脆弱,而社区作为城市最基本的防灾单元,社区安全很大程度上影响着整个城市的安全。但是,我国城市既有高层社区普遍缺乏系统的防灾规划设计与建设,大部分高层社区存在诸多安全隐患,一旦发生灾害,极易引起灾害的扩大和蔓延,造成重大的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。因此,城市既有高层社区的防灾减灾改造日益引起人们的关注。在借鉴国内外相关理论研究和已有实践的基础上,本文以城市既有高层社区为研究对象,首先对研究对象进行了深入解析,并通过大量的实地调研和问卷调查,总结了我国城市既有高层社区的现状情况与防灾问题,分析了居民灾时的行为心理和应急反应,建构了城市既有高层社区的防灾改造系统,并初步归纳了防灾改造关键指标,以指导具体的社区防灾改造策略。其次,文章引入社区防灾空间理念,结合高层社区防灾空间构成要素,从宏观、中观、微观等不同层次分别提出了具体的、适宜的防灾改造策略,并在既有高层社区改造探索中,始终贯穿平灾一体化理念。再次,文章结合实际高层社区案例,利用FDS等分析其灾害机理和防灾救灾影响因素,并结合我国国情,提出了高层住宅常态防灾减灾改造策略,并探索了高层住宅防灾减灾技术的数字化、智能化、生态化发展趋势。最后,本文还归纳了既有社区灾害管理与救援系统等非工程措施的优化策略。综上,笔者综合运用城市规划与设计、灾害学、生态学等多学科理论,通过定性和定量相结合的研究方法,提炼出研究对象各构成要素的灾害特性和致灾机理；通过对研究对象各构成要素的整合分析,归纳出系统的城市既有高层社区防灾改造策略；并将工程性防灾技术与非工程性防灾措施相结合,形成整合型社区防灾减灾体系。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the stage of rapid urbanization, a large number of people pour into the city. High-rise communities are springing up because of a surge in urban population and a growing scarcity of urban land. High-rise communities are more vulnerable to disasters because of their dense buildings and population concentration. As the most basic disaster prevention unit, the community safety affects the safety of the whole city to a great extent. However, there is a general lack of systematic disaster prevention planning, design and construction in the existing high-level communities in our country. Most of the high-level communities have many hidden safety hazards. Once disasters occur, they are prone to cause the expansion and spread of disasters. It caused heavy casualties and huge economic losses. Therefore, the disaster prevention and mitigation transformation of the existing high-level communities in cities has attracted more and more attention. On the basis of relevant theoretical research and existing practice at home and abroad, this paper takes the existing high-level community as the research object, first of all, deeply analyzes the research object, and through a large number of field research and questionnaire survey, This paper summarizes the present situation and disaster prevention problems of the existing high-level communities in cities in China, analyzes the behavior psychology and emergency response of the residents during the disaster, constructs the disaster prevention and transformation system of the existing high-level communities in the cities, and preliminarily summarizes the key indexes of the disaster prevention and transformation. In order to guide the specific community disaster prevention and transformation strategy. Secondly, the paper introduces the concept of community disaster prevention space, combining with the elements of high-level community disaster prevention space, and puts forward specific and appropriate strategies of disaster prevention and transformation from different levels, such as macro, meso, micro and so on. And in the existing high-level community transformation exploration, always run through the concept of integration of disaster. Thirdly, combined with the actual high-level community cases, using FDS and other analysis of its disaster mechanism and disaster prevention and relief factors, and combined with the situation of our country, put forward the transformation strategy of normal disaster prevention and mitigation of high-rise housing. The digital, intelligent and ecological development trend of high-rise residence disaster prevention and mitigation technology is explored. Finally, the optimization strategies of non-engineering measures such as community disaster management and rescue system are summarized. In summary, the author synthetically uses the multi-disciplinary theories such as urban planning and design, disaster science, ecology and so on, through the qualitative and quantitative research method, abstracts the disaster characteristic and the mechanism of each component element of the research object; Through the integration and analysis of the constituent elements of the research object, the strategies of disaster prevention and transformation of the existing high-level communities in the city are summarized, and the integrated community disaster prevention and mitigation system is formed by combining the engineering disaster prevention technology with the non-engineering disaster prevention measures.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.12;TU984.116

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