蜈支洲岛景观格局变化及其旅游影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 17:02

【摘要】：在世界旅游快速发展的过程中,海岛作为最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一,其生态环境随着大规模旅游开发和大量游客的涌入逐渐遭到破坏。本文从景观生态学的研究角度出发,以海南省三亚市蜈支洲岛为研究区,探究其景观格局变化的动态过程以及引起这种变化的宏观旅游驱动机制,进而探讨如何进行蜈支洲岛旅游开发过程中的景观生态性保护。本文主要包括三方面的工作。首先,探究蜈支洲岛景观格局动态变化。以蜈支洲岛2008年和2012年两期高分辨率遥感影像图为基础,经过校正、增强、解译等过程,得到两个时间节点的土地利用图,运用地理信息系统技术进行分析,得出以下结论：(1)林地是蜈支洲岛的优势景观类型,占全岛土地面积的70%以上,但在2008-2012五年的研究时段内,林草地的占有面积逐渐减小,转化为基础设施和旅游用地等人造景观类型用地；(2)在各景观类型相互转移的过程中,以空地、未利用地为主的“其他用地,,景观类型成为土地转移的中间缓冲媒介,在将林草地转化为人造景观类型用地的同时,将部分空地和未利用地重新转化为林草地,起到了一定的生态缓冲作用；(3)在研究区原始自然覆被景观不断被占据和分割的过程中,景观格局整体的破碎度和异质性不断增加,导致蜈支洲岛生态性下降。其次,解析蜈支洲岛景观格局变化的宏观旅游驱动机制。利用相关分析法将三亚旅游发展与人口因子、经济因子的相关关系呈现出来,经分析,得出以下结论：人口因子所带来的旅游基础设施需求和经济因子所带来的趋利投资取向是造成蜈支洲岛景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。同时,政府管理作用作为研究区景观格局变化的重要驱动因素,对蜈支洲岛景观格局变化起到了均衡作用。最后,提出蜈支洲岛景观格局生态保护的具体建议。结合蜈支洲岛景观格局变化的直接规划原因和间接驱动因素,从土地政策、规划优化、客流控制和平衡生态四个角度对蜈支洲岛景观格局的生态性保护提供科学建议。
[Abstract]:As one of the most popular tourist destinations, the ecological environment of the island has been destroyed with the development of large-scale tourism and the influx of a large number of tourists in the process of the rapid development of world tourism. From the perspective of landscape ecology, this paper studies the dynamic process of landscape pattern change and the macro-tourism driving mechanism in Sanya City, Hainan Province, in order to explore the dynamic process of landscape pattern change. Then it discusses how to protect the landscape ecology in the process of tourism development. This paper mainly includes three aspects of work. First of all, to explore the dynamic changes of landscape pattern of Qianjiuzhou Island. Based on two high resolution remote sensing images in 2008 and 2012, after correction, enhancement and interpretation, the land use map of two time nodes was obtained and analyzed by using GIS technology. The conclusions are as follows: (1) forestland is the dominant landscape type of Centibuzhou Island, accounting for more than 70% of the total land area, but in the five years from 2008 to 2012, the occupied area of forest and grassland gradually decreased. Converted into artificial landscape land such as infrastructure and tourist land; (2) in the process of each landscape type transferring from each other, the "other land", which is mainly open land and unused land, becomes the intermediate buffer medium of land transfer, and at the same time, the forest and grass land is transformed into artificial landscape type land. Part of the open land and unused land were reconverted into forest and grassland, which played a role of ecological buffer; (3) in the process of the original natural cover landscape being occupied and partitioned, the fragmentation and heterogeneity of the landscape pattern as a whole are increasing, which leads to the decline of the ecological characteristics of Fuzhou Island. Secondly, analyze the macro-tourism driving mechanism of landscape pattern change in Fuzhoudao. The correlation between tourism development and population factors and economic factors in Sanya is presented by using correlation analysis. The following conclusions are drawn: the demand of tourism infrastructure brought by population factor and the trend of profit investment brought by economic factors are the main driving factors for the change of landscape pattern in Centibuzhoudao. At the same time, as an important driving factor of landscape pattern change in the study area, the role of government management plays a balanced role in the landscape pattern change of Centibuzhoudao. Finally, the concrete suggestions of ecological protection of landscape pattern in Fuzhoudao are put forward. Combined with the direct planning reasons and indirect driving factors of landscape pattern change in Qianzhoudao, scientific suggestions were provided for ecological protection of landscape pattern of Qianzhou Island from four angles of land policy, planning optimization, passenger flow control and balance ecology.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F592.7;P901;TU984.18

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