湘西土家族传统民居营造技艺与传承研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 00:42

【摘要】：湘西土家族传统民居建筑凝聚着湘西土家族居民长期积累下来的生活习俗、民族性格和文化意识，但随着社会经济的快速发展，湘西土家族传统民居营造技艺长期缺乏关注和保护，承载着土家族历史及民族精神的“活化石”正在逐渐消弭。本人通过对湘西地区的实地调研，分别从湘西地区的民俗文化、地貌环境、历史发展等方面深入研究土家族传统民居，以期帮助湘西土家族传统民居的营造技艺，进行更好的传承与保护。本文通过调查、挖掘、提炼和保存那些在特定的自然环境、社会文化、经济技术、生活习俗等客观条件下创造出来的，与之相适应的传统民居的某些原则、观念、工艺等营造技艺及历史资料，为湘西土家族传统民居营造技艺的传承与保护提供依据和借鉴。全文第一章确立选题，明确研究目的、意义及重点难点等问题。第二章通过对湘西地区的民俗文化、生态因素、民居的类型及演变过程进行概述研究，明确湘西土家族传统民居的形成和演变过程是由湘西地区特有的民居文化和生态因素所决定。第三章针对湘西土家族传统民居营造现状和问题进行分析总结，目前土家族传统民居破坏严重，营造技艺面临“失传”，同时当地居民思想滞后，保护意识淡薄，加之法制不健全，导致传承人得不到相应的物质或精神权益。第四章对湘西土家族传统民居营造前期工作、营造流程及特点以及营造仪式进行分析。第五章通过对当代木结构建筑和传统民居营造技艺的对比、民居营造技艺在当代建筑中的运用，以及对民居营造技艺保护传承提出实施建议，并进行实例分析。综上所述，本文按照理论与实践相结合的研究思路，，对湘西土家族传统民居的生态环境、现状问题、技艺研讨进行了系统研究，主要体现在：（1）不仅仅停留在环境、历史、文化、空间形态等方面，而是将传统民居的营造技艺落到实处，从营造制度、使用工具、选材标准、构件加工、拼接方式、仪式制度等方面对湘西土家族传统民居进行研究。（2）提出民居营造技艺保护与传承的实施建议，同时对民居营造技艺在当代木结构建筑中的运用进行分析，为土家族传统民居营造技艺与保护传承提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:The traditional residential buildings of Tujia nationality in western Hunan have condensed the custom, national character and cultural consciousness accumulated by Tujia people for a long time, but with the rapid development of social economy, The traditional residence construction technique of Tujia nationality in western Hunan lacks attention and protection for a long time, and the "living fossil" carrying Tujia nationality history and national spirit is gradually eliminated. Through the field investigation of Xiangxi area, I have studied the Tujia traditional residence from the aspects of folk culture, geomorphological environment, historical development and so on, in order to help the building technique of the Tujia traditional residence in the west of Hunan. Carry on better inheritance and protection. Through investigation, excavation, extraction and preservation of certain principles and concepts of traditional houses created under the objective conditions of the specific natural environment, social culture, economy and technology, living customs, etc., The construction techniques and historical data provide the basis and reference for the inheritance and protection of the traditional residence construction techniques of Tujia nationality in western Hunan. The first chapter establishes the topic, the research purpose, the significance and the key and difficult problems and so on. The second chapter is an overview of the folk culture, ecological factors, types and evolution of houses in western Hunan. The formation and evolution of Tujia traditional houses in western Hunan are determined by the unique cultural and ecological factors. The third chapter analyzes and summarizes the present situation and problems of the construction of Tujia traditional houses in western Hunan. At present, the traditional Tujia houses are seriously damaged, the construction skills are faced with "lost", and the local residents' thinking lags behind, and the consciousness of protection is weak. In addition, the legal system is not perfect, leading to the inheritance of material or spiritual rights and interests. The fourth chapter analyzes the construction process and characteristics of Tujia traditional residence in western Hunan. The fifth chapter through the contemporary wooden structure architecture and the traditional residential building construction technology contrast, the folk residence construction technique in the contemporary architecture application, as well as the folk residence construction skill protection inheritance proposed the implementation proposal, and carries on the example analysis. To sum up, according to the combination of theory and practice, this paper makes a systematic study on the ecological environment, current situation and skills of Tujia traditional houses in Xiangxi, which are mainly reflected in: (1) not only in the environment, but also in the history. In terms of culture, space form and so on, the construction techniques of traditional houses are put into practice, from the construction system, the use of tools, the selection of materials, the processing of components, the way of splicing, The ritual system and other aspects of the Tujia traditional residence in Xiangxi were studied. (2) put forward the implementation of the protection and inheritance of the building construction skills, and at the same time, analyze the application of the building technology in the contemporary wooden structure architecture. For Tujia traditional residence construction skills and protection of heritage to provide a reference basis.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU253

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