自然通风下门窗开启对室内环境的影响研究
发布时间：2018-12-23 20:28
【摘要】：自然通风作为一种传统古老的通风方式，在能源日趋稀缺的今天越发受到了人们的重视。通过门窗的合理开启状态组织室内自然风的流动，可以到达调节室内的温湿度，改善建筑内部热环境；排出室内的有害气体和微生物并引入室外新鲜空气；因地制宜的选择自然通风策略从而降低建筑能耗的效果。因此，对于自然通风对室内环境影响的研究显得尤为必要。 改变门窗的开度大小能够改变门窗开口的阻力特性，从而改变室内的通风量，室内的温、湿度的变化以及污染物的浓度变化速率也随之改变。本文利用重庆市江津区白沙镇某节能综合示范楼作为实验平台，以门窗的不同开度作为作为改变室内换气次数的基础，以二氧化碳作为示踪气体研究室内污染物浓度的变化，并同时测量室内温湿度在门窗的不同开度工况下的变化情况以此作为研究基础。 在对门窗阻力特性的研究中，文章利用CFD软件Airpak进行模拟分析，，考察6种情况下的门窗不同开度,即总共36种组合工况对换气量的影响。利用模拟数据通过最小二乘法，拟合出最常用的平开门和推拉窗各自的流量系数以及两者组合下的通风流量系数与开度间的关系式。以实测工况中室外气象参数及CFD软件拟合得到的流量系数公式作为输入数据，以多区域网络模型作为研究基础，计算得到实际工况中不同门窗开启情况下的换气次数。最后分析在不同的换气次数条件下，室内环境中，二氧化碳浓度、温度及湿度等参数的变化情况。 本文通过实测和模拟相结合的研究方法，对于门窗的阻力特性，不同开度对室内环境的影响作出分析，得出以下结论： ①改变同一房间中的平开门和推拉窗的开度大小，都能影响房间的通风状态。在门窗两者共同作用的状态下，推拉窗对于通风的影响效果更大。平开门及推拉窗的开口流量系数与其开度之间的关系，都可以利用幂指数函数近似的进行描述。多个开口组合下的流量系数计算需根据开口对通风的影响作用大小进行加权调整。 ②在自然通风状态下，室内污染物浓度随时间的衰减速率主要与三个影响因素有关：分别是污染物释放速率，室内换气次数，以及室内外的浓度差。同样状态下，温度的变化速率主要与室内冷热源的辐射，室内外的温差以及换气次数有关。 ③在打开门窗进行自然通风的过程中，室内环境随之发生变化。实验发现，在相同的时间段以内，室内污染物浓度的衰减速率较快；而温、湿度的变化速率较慢。证明了在夏季可以通过合理开启门窗通风以改善室内空气品质，同时控制室内冷量的耗散。
[Abstract]:Natural ventilation, as a traditional and ancient ventilation method, has been paid more and more attention in the days when energy is becoming increasingly scarce. By reasonably opening the doors and windows to organize the flow of indoor natural wind, we can adjust the indoor temperature and humidity, improve the thermal environment of the building, discharge the harmful gases and microorganisms and introduce the fresh air out of the building. Choose natural ventilation strategy according to local conditions to reduce building energy consumption effect. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of natural ventilation on indoor environment. Changing the opening of doors and windows can change the resistance characteristics of door and window openings, thus changing the indoor ventilation, indoor temperature, humidity and the change rate of pollutant concentration. In this paper, a comprehensive demonstration building of energy saving in Baisha Town, Jiang Jin District, Chongqing is used as the experimental platform, the different opening degree of doors and windows is taken as the basis to change the number of indoor air exchange, and the change of indoor pollutant concentration is studied with carbon dioxide as tracer gas. At the same time, the changes of indoor temperature and humidity under different opening conditions of doors and windows are measured. In the study of resistance characteristics of windows and doors, this paper uses CFD software Airpak to simulate and analyze the effects of different opening of doors and windows under 6 kinds of conditions, that is, 36 combined working conditions on the air exchange rate. By using the least square method, the simulation data are used to fit the flow coefficients of the most commonly used flat doors and push-pull windows, and the relationship between the ventilation flow coefficient and the opening degree under the combination of the two methods. Taking the outdoor meteorological parameters and the flow coefficient formula fitted by CFD software as the input data, and taking the multi-area network model as the research basis, the number of air exchange in different windows and doors in actual working conditions is calculated. Finally, the change of carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity in indoor environment under different air exchange times is analyzed. In this paper, the resistance characteristics of doors and windows and the influence of different openings on the indoor environment are analyzed by the combination of measurement and simulation, and the following conclusions are drawn: 1 changing the opening size of the flat door and push-pull window in the same room. Can affect the ventilation of the room. The effect of push-pull window on ventilation is greater under the condition of both doors and windows working together. The relationship between the opening flow coefficient and the opening degree of the open door and push-pull window can be described by using the power exponential function. The calculation of flow coefficient with multiple openings should be weighted according to the influence of openings on ventilation. 2 under natural ventilation, the decay rate of indoor pollutant concentration with time is mainly related to three factors: pollutant release rate, indoor air exchange times, and indoor and outdoor concentration difference. In the same condition, the rate of change of temperature is mainly related to the radiation of indoor heat and cold source, the difference of indoor and outdoor temperature, and the number of air exchange. In the process of opening doors and windows for natural ventilation, the indoor environment changes accordingly. It is found that the attenuation rate of indoor pollutant concentration is faster and the change rate of temperature and humidity is slower in the same time period. It is proved that the indoor air quality can be improved by opening the doors and windows reasonably in summer, and the indoor cooling consumption can be controlled at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834
本文编号：2390219
[Abstract]:Natural ventilation, as a traditional and ancient ventilation method, has been paid more and more attention in the days when energy is becoming increasingly scarce. By reasonably opening the doors and windows to organize the flow of indoor natural wind, we can adjust the indoor temperature and humidity, improve the thermal environment of the building, discharge the harmful gases and microorganisms and introduce the fresh air out of the building. Choose natural ventilation strategy according to local conditions to reduce building energy consumption effect. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of natural ventilation on indoor environment. Changing the opening of doors and windows can change the resistance characteristics of door and window openings, thus changing the indoor ventilation, indoor temperature, humidity and the change rate of pollutant concentration. In this paper, a comprehensive demonstration building of energy saving in Baisha Town, Jiang Jin District, Chongqing is used as the experimental platform, the different opening degree of doors and windows is taken as the basis to change the number of indoor air exchange, and the change of indoor pollutant concentration is studied with carbon dioxide as tracer gas. At the same time, the changes of indoor temperature and humidity under different opening conditions of doors and windows are measured. In the study of resistance characteristics of windows and doors, this paper uses CFD software Airpak to simulate and analyze the effects of different opening of doors and windows under 6 kinds of conditions, that is, 36 combined working conditions on the air exchange rate. By using the least square method, the simulation data are used to fit the flow coefficients of the most commonly used flat doors and push-pull windows, and the relationship between the ventilation flow coefficient and the opening degree under the combination of the two methods. Taking the outdoor meteorological parameters and the flow coefficient formula fitted by CFD software as the input data, and taking the multi-area network model as the research basis, the number of air exchange in different windows and doors in actual working conditions is calculated. Finally, the change of carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity in indoor environment under different air exchange times is analyzed. In this paper, the resistance characteristics of doors and windows and the influence of different openings on the indoor environment are analyzed by the combination of measurement and simulation, and the following conclusions are drawn: 1 changing the opening size of the flat door and push-pull window in the same room. Can affect the ventilation of the room. The effect of push-pull window on ventilation is greater under the condition of both doors and windows working together. The relationship between the opening flow coefficient and the opening degree of the open door and push-pull window can be described by using the power exponential function. The calculation of flow coefficient with multiple openings should be weighted according to the influence of openings on ventilation. 2 under natural ventilation, the decay rate of indoor pollutant concentration with time is mainly related to three factors: pollutant release rate, indoor air exchange times, and indoor and outdoor concentration difference. In the same condition, the rate of change of temperature is mainly related to the radiation of indoor heat and cold source, the difference of indoor and outdoor temperature, and the number of air exchange. In the process of opening doors and windows for natural ventilation, the indoor environment changes accordingly. It is found that the attenuation rate of indoor pollutant concentration is faster and the change rate of temperature and humidity is slower in the same time period. It is proved that the indoor air quality can be improved by opening the doors and windows reasonably in summer, and the indoor cooling consumption can be controlled at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834
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