基于BIM的MEP方案可施工性论证与优化研究

发布时间：2019-01-02 07:29

【摘要】：随着国家经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的持续提高，大众对建筑的需求不再仅仅满足基本居住的需要，更多的关注建筑造型的突破，室内空间的舒适度和设备的智能化。建筑设计的多样化和丰富性对建筑暖通、电气和给排水（Mechanical、Electrical and Plumbing， MEP）的设计提出了更高的要求。近年来，智慧建筑、绿色建筑、低碳建筑、智能建筑等新概念层出不穷，在有限的建筑空间中需要容纳更多的MEP设备。各专业间的协同设计和协调配合也变得越来越难。传统二维MEP各专业设计相对独立，设计信息无法及时共享，导致最终MEP设计方案出现设计错误，如管线碰撞等，需要后期设计协调时进行反复修改，影响了设计人员在整个设计进程中的工作进度。同时对复杂建筑和异型建筑而言，二维CAD无法对建筑的几何信息进行精确表达。有些奇特造型的建筑，单凭二维设计图纸所反映的项目施工信息很难将其正确建造出来，这些工程对三维的施工文档要求日趋强烈。建筑信息模型（Building Information Modelling, BIM）的出现为MEP设计和施工提供了新的解决方案。目前国内的BIM应用主要集中在设计阶段，以MEP设计师为核心进行分析和展开，在施工和预制阶段的应用比较少。同时由于MEP设计师普遍缺乏实际施工知识和经验，基于BIM的MEP设计虽然提高了设计师的工作效率，但是在MEP方案综合协调和优化方面考虑的因素非常有限，使得最终的MEP方案在施工过程中仍然存在变更和返工，没有充分发挥BIM跨平台、跨阶段的特点。本研究将从MEP设计和施工全过程的角度对MEP方案进行全过程可施工性论证和综合优化，，确保最终MEP方案施工的“零变更”。该论文首先讨论目前国内外BIM在MEP领域的应用和研究现状，分析了我国BIM应用的重点和难点，同时归纳了现有BIM理论在建筑行业的发展。其次，针对目前BIM在MEP设计和施工中应用研究的不足，作者提出了基于BIM的MEP方案全过程可施工性论证框架和基于BIM的MEP方案全过程优化框架。最后，通过两个真实案例分别验证本文提出的两个框架。案例A为交通枢纽项目，目前仍处于项目的设计阶段，通过BIM技术对原有MEP方案进行可施工性论证和优化，提升设计质量的同时，加快设计进度，降低项目实施成本。案例B为某公司数据中心项目，工程已经竣工交付使用。通过对BIM碰撞检查效率，BIM成本节省，BIM工期节约和BIM全过程优化四个角度进行定量的分析和研究，结果充分证明了从MEP设计和施工全过程考虑基于BIM的可施工性论证和优化的必要性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the public's demand for architecture is no longer only to meet the needs of basic residence, but also to pay more attention to the breakthrough of architectural modeling, the comfort of indoor space and the intellectualization of equipment. The diversity and richness of architectural design put forward higher requirements for the design of HVAC, electrical and water supply and drainage (Mechanical,Electrical and Plumbing, MEP). In recent years, new concepts such as intelligent building, green building, low carbon building, intelligent building and so on, need to accommodate more MEP devices in the limited building space. Collaborative design and coordination among different professions are becoming more and more difficult. The design of traditional 2D MEP is relatively independent, and the design information can not be shared in time. As a result, the final MEP design scheme has some design errors, such as pipeline collision and so on, which need to be revised repeatedly when the later design coordination is required. It affects the designer's work progress in the whole design process. At the same time, for complex buildings and special-shaped buildings, 2D CAD can not accurately express the geometric information of buildings. It is very difficult to construct some strange buildings based on the construction information of 2D design drawings. These projects require more and more 3D construction documents. The emergence of building information model (Building Information Modelling, BIM) provides a new solution for MEP design and construction. At present, the application of BIM in China is mainly focused on the design stage, with the MEP designer as the core to carry on the analysis and development, but the application in the stage of construction and prefabrication is relatively few. At the same time, because MEP designers generally lack practical construction knowledge and experience, although MEP design based on BIM improves the designer's work efficiency, the factors considered in the comprehensive coordination and optimization of MEP scheme are very limited. So that the final MEP project in the construction process still exist changes and rework, did not give full play to the cross-platform, cross-stage characteristics of BIM. In order to ensure the "zero change" of the final MEP scheme, this study will demonstrate and optimize the constructability of the whole process of MEP scheme from the point of view of the whole process of MEP design and construction. This paper first discusses the application and research status of BIM in the field of MEP at home and abroad, analyzes the emphases and difficulties of BIM application in our country, and sums up the development of existing BIM theory in the construction industry. Secondly, aiming at the deficiency of the application research of BIM in MEP design and construction at present, the author puts forward the framework of the whole process constructability demonstration of MEP scheme based on BIM and the whole process optimization framework of MEP scheme based on BIM. Finally, the two frameworks proposed in this paper are verified by two real cases. Case A is a transportation hub project, which is still in the design stage of the project. Through BIM technology, the constructability demonstration and optimization of the original MEP scheme are carried out to improve the design quality, accelerate the design progress and reduce the project implementation cost. Case B is a company data center project that has been completed and delivered. Through the quantitative analysis and research on BIM collision checking efficiency, BIM cost saving, BIM duration saving and BIM whole process optimization, The results show that it is necessary to consider the constructability demonstration and optimization based on BIM in the whole process of MEP design and construction.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU17;TU71

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