基于GIS的都江堰市防灾避险绿地适宜性评价研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 20:08

【摘要】：城市的发展提高了人们的生活水平,带来了巨大的经济效益,但同时也带来了许多不可忽视的问题。近年来,地震、火灾等各种自然灾害不断发生,给城市居民的生命财产造成了巨大的威胁。城市绿地作为城市的“柔性”空间,除了美化景观、调节空气湿度、观赏游憩等作用,更以其独特的质地在城市防灾避险方面扮演着至关重要的角色。如何加强各城市防灾避险绿地的规划建设,使防灾减灾工作顺利有效的开展,是我国目前亟待解决的问题。与此同时,防灾避险绿地的适宜性更是成为了其关注的焦点。本文通过对国内外相关文献的研究,首先对防灾避险绿地的概念、类型、功能等进行了概括。分析了都江堰市的区域概况、灾害类型和受灾特点、绿地现状及存在问题等,进而确定了研究范围为都江堰市主城区。在对之前的学者关于城市防灾避险绿地功能评价分析总结的基础上,结合都江堰市实际情况,选取了四个与之相适应的评价指标群(主要针对地震灾害)。具体包括：有效性指标(绿地避灾容量和缓冲区面积)、可达性指标(与医院的最近距离及与消防急救点的最近距离)、疏散能力指标(相对于医院的疏散能力以及相对于消防急救点的疏散能力)、安全性指标(与最近受损建筑距离以及与最近地质灾害点距离),并由上述指标建立了防灾避险绿地适宜性评价指标体系。利用GIS的缓冲区分析法和网络分析法获得了最终的评价指标属性值。将这些评价指标运用灰色关联分析和熵值权重相结合的方法,得到了都江堰市主城区防灾避险绿地适宜性综合评价值。通过对都江堰市主城区43处防灾避险绿地的灰色综合评价结果进行分析,将防灾避险绿地以优劣程度进行排序,从而得到以下结论：(1)都江堰市主城区共有8处较适宜的防灾避险场所,按照综合评价值由高到低的顺序依次为：二环路居住区公园、都江堰广场、民丰路居住区公园二、东蒲阳河带状公园、民丰路居住区公园三、南走马河带状公园、蒲阳河公园以及老成灌路居住区公园；(2)8处较不适宜的防灾避险场所,分别为：一环路街旁绿地、学府路街旁绿地二、文荟路小区游园、青城大桥小区游园、迎宾大道附属绿地、走马河小区游园、都江堰大道附属绿地、翔凤路小区游园；(3)其余27处则为一般适宜的防灾避险绿地。本文针对上述评价结果提出了相应的都江堰市防灾避险绿地规划实施建议：(1)扩大防灾避险绿地规模,增加避灾容量；(2)对城市绿地进行合理均衡布局；(3)增强城市防灾避险绿地的可达性；(4)加强城市防灾避险绿地基础配套设施的建设；(5)加强防灾宣传,提高居民的防灾意识。
[Abstract]:The development of the city has raised people's living standard, brought enormous economic benefits, but also brought many problems that can not be ignored. In recent years, earthquake, fire and other kinds of natural disasters continue to occur, causing a huge threat to the life and property of urban residents. As the "flexible" space of the city, urban green space not only beautifies the landscape, adjusts the air humidity, watches the recreation and so on, but also plays a vital role in the urban disaster prevention and risk avoidance with its unique texture. How to strengthen the planning and construction of urban green space for disaster prevention and avoid risks, and how to carry out the work of disaster prevention and mitigation smoothly and effectively is an urgent problem to be solved at present in our country. At the same time, the suitability of disaster prevention green space has become the focus of its attention. In this paper, the concept, types and functions of green space for disaster prevention and avoidance are summarized through the study of relevant literature at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the regional situation, disaster types and disaster characteristics, green space status and existing problems of Dujiangyan City, and determines the scope of the study as the main urban area of Dujiangyan City. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the previous scholars' evaluation on the function of urban disaster prevention and avoidance green space and combining with the actual situation of Dujiangyan City, four evaluation index groups (mainly aimed at earthquake disasters) are selected. These include indicators of effectiveness (green space disaster avoidance capacity and buffer area), accessibility indicators (nearest distance to hospital and nearest distance to fire emergency point), Evacuation capability indicators (relative to hospital evacuation capacity and fire emergency point evacuation capacity), safety indicators (distance from recently damaged buildings and closest geological hazard sites), The evaluation index system of green space suitability for disaster prevention and avoidance was established by the above indexes. The final evaluation index attribute value is obtained by using GIS buffer analysis method and network analysis method. The comprehensive evaluation value of disaster prevention and avoidance green space in Dujiangyan city was obtained by combining the grey relational analysis and entropy weight. Based on the analysis of the grey comprehensive evaluation results of 43 disaster prevention greenbelts in the main urban area of Dujiangyan City, the disaster prevention and risk avoiding greenbelts are ranked according to their merits and demerits. The conclusions are as follows: (1) there are 8 suitable places for disaster prevention and risk avoidance in Dujiangyan City. According to the order of comprehensive evaluation value from high to low, they are: second Ring Road Residential District Park, Dujiangyan Square, Minfeng Road Residential area Park 2. Dongpu Yang River Belt Park, Minfeng Road Residential Park three, south Ma River Belt Park, Puyang River Park and the Old Cheng Guanlu residential area park; (2) eight unsuitable places for disaster prevention and avoidance are: the green space beside the first ring road street, the second green space beside Xuefu road street, the garden of Wen Ye Lu district, the green garden of Qingcheng Bridge district, the green space attached to Yingbin Avenue, and the garden of the Mahe district. Dujiangyan Avenue attached green space, Xiangfeng Road residential garden; (3) the remaining 27 places are generally suitable for disaster prevention and risk avoidance green space. In view of the above evaluation results, this paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions for the implementation of the planning of Dujiangyan City disaster prevention and shelter green space: (1) expanding the scale of disaster prevention and avoiding green space, increasing the disaster avoidance capacity; (2) carrying out a reasonable and balanced layout of urban green space; (3) to enhance the accessibility of urban disaster prevention and shelter green space; (4) to strengthen the construction of basic facilities for urban disaster prevention and shelter green space; (5) to strengthen disaster prevention publicity and enhance residents' awareness of disaster prevention.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU985.12;TU984.116

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