太阳能采暖技术及其应用研究

发布时间：2019-01-12 11:13

【摘要】：太阳能是无限量清洁能源，对当前面临能源与环境问题双重压力的人类社会来说，具有巨大的诱惑力。但基于太阳辐射能量密度低的特性，太阳能的规模化利用始终是难以解决的问题。本文以一栋小规模建筑为对象，进行以太阳能为单一热源的建筑供热技术与应用研究，以期提高太阳能在建筑中应用的比例。在综述了前人研究成果的基础上，论述了太阳能利用方法以及对缓解目前的能源与环境问题的重要意义。以太阳能热利用为目标，阐述了主要计算方法。以秦皇岛市山海关区一栋小型别墅为对象，具体进行了太阳能热利用的设计计算工作。确定了太阳能采暖系统的储热水箱、太阳能集热器的具体规格尺寸。设计计算结果表明，以太阳能为单一热源，按传统供热及模式供热，需要庞大的水箱，占据较大的建筑空间，尤其是需要很大的集热器面积，将导致初投资的增大。这些是利用太阳能单一热源采暖的主要技术障碍。为解决这些技术问题，本文提出了单一太阳能热源供热与分室调节相结合的供热方案，从而把集热器面积和储热水箱容积降低三分之二以上，达到目前条件下可以被接受的状态。近似按理论计算结果设计、建设的太阳能采暖系统运行结果表明，采暖效果符合国家相关技术规范，而且由于采用低温地板辐射供暖系统，分室调节问题很容易解决。由此证明，太阳能单一热源供暖系统必须与分室调节运行方案相结合，才能满足建筑供热需求。论文的研究工作还表明，太阳能的低密度和波动问题是客观存在的，是无法改变的，提高太阳能集热器集热效率也很有限。所以，，试图在大型建筑中采用单一太阳能热源供热是不现实的，而必须与其他热源相结合。由于太阳能集热器的面积受到安装空间和初投资的限制，规模越大的建筑，可利用太阳能供热的比例就越低。但是，我国广大农村和小城镇，由于居民住宅及部分公用建筑规模不大，以太阳能为单一热源的建筑采暖技术具有广阔的推广应用前景，可为我国的节能减排工作做出重要贡献。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is an unlimited clean energy, which is a great attraction to the human society, which is facing the double pressure of energy and environment. However, because of the low energy density of solar radiation, it is always difficult to solve the problem of solar energy utilization on a large scale. Taking a small scale building as an object, this paper studies the heating technology and application of building with solar energy as a single heat source, in order to increase the proportion of solar energy applied in the building. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, this paper discusses the methods of solar energy utilization and its significance in alleviating the current energy and environmental problems. Taking solar energy thermal utilization as the goal, the main calculation methods are expounded. Taking a small villa in Shanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao City as an object, the design and calculation of solar thermal utilization are carried out. The size of hot water storage tank and solar collector of solar heating system is determined. The results of design and calculation show that solar energy as a single heat source, traditional heating and mode heating, need a large water tank, occupy a large building space, especially need a large collector area, which will lead to the increase of initial investment. These are the main technical obstacles to the use of solar single heat source heating. In order to solve these technical problems, this paper puts forward a heating scheme combining single solar heat source heating with chamber regulation, thus reducing the collector area and the volume of the hot water storage tank by more than 2/3. Reach an acceptable state under current conditions. The operating results of the solar heating system based on the theoretical calculation results show that the heating effect accords with the relevant technical specifications of the country, and because of the use of low temperature floor radiation heating system, the partition adjustment problem is easy to solve. It is proved that the solar single heat source heating system must be combined with the operation scheme of the chamber adjustment to meet the building heating demand. The research work also shows that the problem of low density and fluctuation of solar energy is objective and can not be changed, and the efficiency of solar collector is also very limited. Therefore, it is not realistic to try to use a single solar heat source in large buildings, but must be combined with other heat sources. Because the area of solar collector is limited by installation space and initial investment, the larger the building is, the lower the proportion of solar heating can be. However, due to the small scale of residential buildings and some public buildings in the vast rural areas and small towns in China, the building heating technology with solar energy as a single heat source has a broad prospect of popularization and application. It can make an important contribution to energy saving and emission reduction in our country.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU832.17

【参考文献】