层状岩质边坡开挖过程相似模拟试验研究

发布时间：2019-01-23 08:16

【摘要】：自然界中具有层状构造的沉积岩占陆地总面积的2/3,许多变质岩也具有层状构造特征,因此,在工程建设中,层状岩质边坡将会是遇到最多的一类边坡。本文应用相似模型试验方法研究层状岩质边坡失稳破坏模式及其变形机理,首先是根据相似原理,结合所研究的工程对象及室内实验室条件,确定模型试验的几何相似常数,对试验模型进行加工；其次选择模型在重度、抗压强度、弹模、泊松比上与原型的相似性,进行相似模型材料配比试验的研究；再次选取人工分层填筑夯实的方法进行模型的填筑,养护好后布置观测点,以一面坡的形式对模型进行开挖,每次开挖后测量观测点的变形。物理模拟研究方法应用于层状岩质边坡的稳定性分析具有直观性强,可定性或定量的分析与全场逐点给出结论的优点。本文以云南磷化集团尖山磷矿东采区采场边坡为研究对象,通过相似材料的配比,确定了用河砂和石膏作为模拟岩石的相似材料,云母粉作为模拟层面的相似材料。通过5组模型试验,分别研究了边坡开挖深度、岩层倾角、岩层层厚对边坡稳定性的影响。通过对试验现象和数据的分析,发现顺层岩质边坡破坏面呈“折线形”,顺层岩质边坡模型出现典型的上部下陷,下部“鼓胀”变形的特征；顺层岩质边坡主要存在拉裂破坏和滑移—压裂破坏两类破坏模式,30°和35°倾角边坡表现为拉裂破坏,45°和50°倾角边坡表现为滑移—压裂破坏；从变形量来看,上部和下部变形量大,中部变形量小,接近开挖面的层面变形量大,深部岩层变形量小。通过计算和分析获得了露天矿开采时边坡变形运动规律,结合相似理论可以将模型的结果换算到原型中,为矿山生产实践提供有效指导作用。
[Abstract]:In nature, sedimentary rocks with layered structure account for 2 / 3 of the total land area, and many metamorphic rocks also have stratiform structural characteristics. Therefore, in engineering construction, layered rock slope will be the most encountered type of slope. In this paper, the failure mode and deformation mechanism of layered rock slope are studied by using similarity model test method. Firstly, according to the similarity principle, the geometric similarity constant of the model test is determined according to the engineering object and laboratory conditions studied. Machining the test model; Secondly, the similarity between the model and the prototype on the degree of weight, compressive strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio is selected, and the material matching test of the similar model is carried out. The method of artificial stratified tamping is chosen to fill the model again, and the observation points are arranged after maintenance, and the model is excavated in the form of one slope, and the deformation of the observation point is measured after each excavation. The application of physical simulation method to the stability analysis of layered rock slope has the advantages of being intuitive, qualitative or quantitative analysis and point by point conclusion. Taking the stope slope of the eastern mining area of Jianshan Phosphate Mine of Yunnan Phosphate Group as the research object, the similar materials of river sand and gypsum are determined through the proportion of similar materials, and the mica powder is used as the similar material in the simulation plane. Through five groups of model tests, the effects of slope excavation depth, rock dip angle and stratum thickness on slope stability were studied respectively. Through the analysis of the experimental phenomena and data, it is found that the failure surface of the bedding rock slope is "folded", and the typical upper subsidence and "bulging" deformation are found in the model of the bedding rock slope. There are two kinds of failure modes: tensile fracture and sliding fracturing failure in bedding rock slope, 30 掳and 35 掳inclined slope are tensile fracture, 45 掳and 50 掳slope are sliding fracturing failure. From the point of view of deformation, the upper and lower deformation is large, the middle deformation is small, the surface deformation near the excavating surface is large, and the deep rock deformation is small. The law of slope deformation and movement in open-pit mining is obtained by calculation and analysis. The results of the model can be converted to the prototype in combination with similarity theory, which can provide effective guidance for mine production practice.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU45

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