基于动态权重的校园建筑节能评价模型构建及应用

发布时间：2019-02-09 15:03

【摘要】：近几年来随着高校规模的不断扩大，校园面积、学生人数、教职员工人数急剧增多，各高校在公共费用支出方面都比过去有了大幅度的提高。特别是校园建筑能源消耗费用呈数倍增长，使用能源费用支出过大，俨然成为重要的能源消耗大户。据调查显示，我国高校建筑能源消耗占社会总能耗的8%，在校生的人均能耗高于社会人均能耗。校园建筑节能，作为公共建筑节能的重要组成部分，受到人们越来越多的关注。推进校园建筑节能工作，将有利于降低校园建筑的能耗支出。但是真正开展节能工作时，很多节能管理者却不知道应该从何入手。原因在于，节能管理者对建筑节能程度现状无从了解，不清楚哪些因素影响了建筑节能，也就不知道应该采取什么样的节能措施。针对这一现象，本文提出了一种基于动态权重的校园建筑节能评价模型，通过结合大量实际能耗数据作支撑，实现实时、快速地反馈建筑实际运行的节能评价，帮助节能管理者明确节能方向和措施，真正实现建筑能源消耗量的降低，达到有效节能的目的。本文主要研究工作及成果有以下几个方面：首先，系统介绍了当前建筑节能评价模型的发展及研究现状，描述建筑节能评价的意义，分析了校园建筑节能评价的重点和难点，并对目前评价模型存在局限提出问题。其次，根据目前评价模型固定权重分配的缺陷，结合所选取指标的内涵与指标之间相互的影响度，提出了基于动态权重的建筑节能评价模型。动态权重评价模型是指在静态权重的基础上，根据模型中多个指标可能落到的区间和对总体评价结果的影响程度，将这些信息迭代到模型中各指标的权重计算中。由于各指标的取值是在应用中才能获取，故指标的权重也是在应用过程中才实时计算出来，从而构建了实时动态权重分配的评价模型。然后，设计动态权重评价模型在校园建筑中的应用平台。先进行指标的选取过程、评价模型的框架设计、指标模型的权重分配以及评价结果计算和分级等。通过大量数据采集，获取指标值，为评价模型提供样本数据，采用动态权重评价模型对该栋建筑作出节能评价。由于评价模型涉及指标数量多、数据采集量大，且需要进行实时反复的动态权重计算，故采用计算程序对模型进行自动化权重计算和结果对比分析。最后，对动态权重评价模型进行了实例测试：通过静态权重均分评价模型和动态权重评价模型对校园建筑连续20天进行不间断持续性评价。根据两种评价原理的不同，求同去异，用统一的衡量方式量化出动态权重评价模型相比于静态权重均分评价模型的优化程度。测试结果表明：动态权重评价模型明显优于静态权重均分评价模型，，基于动态权重的校园建筑节能评价模型使得评价结果更有区分度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of colleges and universities, the area of campus, the number of students, the number of teaching staff has increased sharply, and the public expenditure of colleges and universities has been greatly increased compared with the past. In particular, the energy consumption of campus buildings has increased several times, and the cost of using energy is too large, so it has become an important energy consumer. According to the investigation, the energy consumption of college buildings accounts for 8% of the total energy consumption, and the average energy consumption of college students is higher than that of the society. Campus building energy-saving, as an important part of public building energy-saving, has received more and more attention. Promoting the work of energy saving in campus buildings will help to reduce the energy expenditure of campus buildings. But when it comes to energy-saving, many managers don't know where to start. The reason is that the managers of energy conservation have no idea of the current situation of building energy saving, and do not know which factors affect the building energy saving, so they do not know what energy saving measures should be taken. In view of this phenomenon, this paper puts forward a kind of campus building energy saving evaluation model based on dynamic weight. By combining a large amount of actual energy consumption data as the support, the paper realizes real-time and fast feedback on the energy saving evaluation of the actual operation of the building. To help energy conservation managers to clear the direction and measures of energy conservation, to achieve the real energy consumption of buildings to reduce energy consumption, to achieve the purpose of effective energy conservation. The main research work and achievements in this paper are as follows: firstly, the development and research status of building energy conservation evaluation model are systematically introduced, and the significance of building energy efficiency evaluation is described. This paper analyzes on the key points and difficulties in the evaluation of campus building energy conservation, and puts forward some questions about the limitations of the current evaluation model. Secondly, according to the defects of fixed weight distribution in the current evaluation model, combined with the connotation of the selected index and the degree of mutual influence between the indicators, a dynamic weight based building energy conservation evaluation model is proposed. On the basis of static weight, dynamic weight evaluation model iterates these information into the weight calculation of each index in the model according to the interval that several indexes in the model may fall and the degree of influence on the overall evaluation result. Because the value of each index can be obtained only in the application, so the weight of the index is calculated in the process of application, thus the evaluation model of real-time dynamic weight allocation is constructed. Then, the application platform of dynamic weight evaluation model in campus architecture is designed. The selection process of index, the frame design of evaluation model, the weight distribution of index model and the calculation and grading of evaluation result are carried out. Through a large amount of data acquisition, the index value is obtained, and the sample data are provided for the evaluation model. The dynamic weight evaluation model is used to evaluate the energy conservation of the building. Because the evaluation model involves a large number of indexes and a large amount of data acquisition, and needs to carry out real-time repeated dynamic weight calculation, the calculation program is used to calculate the automatic weight of the model and the results are compared and analyzed. Finally, the dynamic weight evaluation model is tested by an example: the continuous evaluation of campus buildings for 20 consecutive days is carried out through the static average weight distribution evaluation model and the dynamic weight evaluation model. According to the difference of the two evaluation principles, the optimization degree of the dynamic weight evaluation model compared with the static weight mean distribution evaluation model is quantified by a unified measurement method. The test results show that the dynamic weight evaluation model is obviously superior to the static average weight distribution evaluation model, and the campus building energy-saving evaluation model based on the dynamic weight makes the evaluation results more discriminative.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

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