非均匀辐射供冷环境人体热舒适研究及设计优化

发布时间：2019-02-14 21:19

【摘要】：辐射供冷技术作为新型节能舒适空调的一种，具有迫切的应用前景。辐射供冷环境属于典型非均匀热环境，辐射末端铺设方式对热环境的不均匀特性影响较大，大多数工程设计人员对于各种铺设方式从舒适性方面引起的优劣效果存在模糊认识。本文围绕热舒适、辐射不对称性引起的热不舒适等方面，对非均匀辐射供冷环境人体热舒适性问题进行研究，主要开展了以下研究工作： 首先，对应用辐射供冷系统的建筑进行了实验研究，详细分析了辐射供冷系统在连续运行工况和间歇运行工况下的实际运行效果，对两种工况室内热环境及人体热舒适进行了评价，为后续数值模型提供实验数据验证。 其次，在辐射供冷房间对受试者进行热感觉实验，考虑了全身热感觉及局部热感觉，总结人体实际热感觉投票（TSV）结果，并与PMV-PPD热舒适模型计算值进行对比分析。研究表明，TSV普遍高于PMV计算指标，平均差值约为0.8，引起偏差的主要原因是测试时间、身体素质和心理期望三方面。 再次，建立辐射供冷系统的数值模型，采用实测数据验证其有效性，对辐射供冷系统末端设置在顶棚、地板、侧墙的四种组合工况进行数值模拟，着重从室内热环境、人体热舒适及局部热不舒适度三个方面对计算结果进行分析研究。结论表明，吊顶铺设方式的室内竖向温度分布最均匀，地板铺设方式对人体活动区域的供冷效率最高，在0.1m~1.1m高度范围内平均空气温度比吊顶铺设工况下低约0.3℃，室内预测热感觉指标满足热舒适区要求。 而后，从热舒适角度对吊顶和地板辐射供冷工况下不同铺设面积进行对比和研究，分析其对室内热环境和人体热舒适的影响。结果表明，吊顶辐射板铺设率低于40%、地板辐射板铺设率低于20%时，冷板壁面与其他壁面温度差值过大，人体面对冷板时辐射的不对称性会造成局部热不舒适，，且室内空气温度分布不均匀性比较严重。从热舒适方面考虑，吊顶辐射板铺设率为60%~100%是比较合理的铺设面积，地板辐射板铺设率为60%~80%是比较合理的。 最后，针对需要局部温度控制的高大办公建筑，研究工位式供冷方式对热环境的个体化控制，对其优化设计。研究表明，与地板辐射末端满铺相比，工位式铺设方式在减少供冷量40%的情况下，可使办公区域人员周围温度低约1.5~2℃，得到更高的热舒适性。增大送风量和采用工位壁面供冷方式可以降低竖向温度梯度，减小局部热不舒适度。 本文研究结果可为辐射供冷系统末端设计提供理论参考，带动辐射供冷空调的推广。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy saving and comfortable air conditioning, radiation cooling technology has an urgent application prospect. The radiation cooling environment belongs to the typical non-uniform thermal environment, and the radiation terminal laying mode has a great influence on the non-uniform characteristics of the thermal environment. Most engineering designers have a fuzzy understanding of the advantages and disadvantages caused by various laying methods from the aspect of comfort. In this paper, the thermal comfort of the human body in the non-uniform radiation cooling environment is studied in terms of thermal comfort, radiation asymmetry and so on. The main research work is as follows: first of all, This paper makes an experimental study on the buildings with radiation cooling system, analyzes in detail the actual operation effect of the radiation cooling system under continuous and intermittent operating conditions, and evaluates the indoor thermal environment and thermal comfort of the human body under the two working conditions. To provide experimental data verification for the subsequent numerical model. Secondly, the thermal sensation experiment was carried out in the radiation cooling room. The whole body thermal sensation and the local thermal sensation were considered, and the (TSV) results of the actual thermal sensation voting were summarized and compared with the calculated values of the PMV-PPD thermal comfort model. The results show that the TSV is generally higher than the PMV calculation index, and the average difference is about 0.8. The main causes of the deviation are test time, physical quality and psychological expectation. Thirdly, the numerical model of the radiative cooling system is established, and the validity of the system is verified by the measured data. The numerical simulation of the four combined working conditions at the end of the radiative cooling system in the ceiling, floor and side wall is carried out, focusing on the indoor thermal environment. The thermal comfort and local thermal uncomfortableness of human body are analyzed and studied. The results show that the indoor vertical temperature distribution of ceiling laying is the most uniform, and the cooling efficiency of floor laying is the highest, and the average air temperature in the range of 0.1m~1.1m is about 0.3 鈩

本文编号：2422619