潮汕地区农村住宅气候适应性研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 20:44

【摘要】：我国农村住宅量大面广，新建农宅中原有的环境特色与气候适应价值正在消失。随着经济发展和农民生活水平的提高，农村住宅将产生巨大的能耗需求。本文以潮汕地区农村住宅为研究对象，以建筑与人对气候的适应性为切入点，通过现场调研、理论分析和数值模拟的方法，总结湿热气候条件下农村住宅适应气候的室内热环境优化与节能策略。首先，对潮汕地区农村住宅的演变脉络、发展现状及其能耗水平进行调研。同传统农宅相比，现代农宅由单层向多层发展，天井、敞厅等半开放空间逐渐消失。对潮汕地区农村住宅的能耗水平调查结果表明潮汕地区农村住宅单位面积年耗电量远低于城市居住建筑。夏季降温能耗与空调的使用率正相关，与半开放空间的面积负相关。其次，分别对传统农宅、有天井低层农宅和无天井低层农宅进行了室内外热环境实测。半开放空间、可变的围护结构和遮阳是传统农宅适应气候的主要技术，但在现代农宅中没有得到有效的传承，传统住宅外封闭的特点导致室内风环境不佳的问题在现代农宅中仍没有彻底解决，屋顶隔热构造的缺失导致顶层房间热环境恶劣是现代农宅新出现的问题。第三，，对潮汕地区农村居民的热舒适水平进行现场调研，分析448份有效问卷中热环境和热舒适的关系，建立了湿热气候条件下农村居民的热感觉模型，确定了热中性温度和80%可接受温度范围。与湿热气候区城市居民的相关研究对比表明，农村居民对湿热气候有更强的适应性，更倚重于大范围调节风速和服装热阻的方式来减少热不适感。综合对比半开放空间与室内空间内的热感觉发现，半开放空间更有利于维持人体对湿热气候的适应性。最后，针对有天井与无天井低层农宅，从遮阳、隔热和自然通风等三个角度分别提出相应的优化策略，并采用计算机辅助分析的方法对优化效果进行了定量评价。无天井低层农宅中局部架空的方式改善室内热环境效果显著；有天井低层农宅中屋面遮阳优化效果显著；屋面与墙体综合优化隔热效果显著优于单项优化的效果。
[Abstract]:There are many rural houses in our country, and the original environmental characteristics and climate adaptation value of the new houses are disappearing. With the development of economy and the improvement of farmers' living standard, rural housing will produce huge energy consumption demand. This paper takes the rural residence in Chaoshan area as the research object, taking the adaptability of the building and man to the climate as the breakthrough point, through the field investigation, the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation method, This paper summarizes the indoor thermal environment optimization and energy saving strategies of rural housing in humid and hot climate. First of all, the evolution of rural housing in Chaoshan area, the current situation and energy consumption level are investigated. Compared with the traditional house, the modern farm house develops from single layer to multi-storey, and the semi-open space such as patio and open room gradually disappear. The results of the investigation on the energy consumption level of rural residential buildings in Chaoshan area show that the annual electricity consumption per unit area of rural residential buildings in Chaoshan area is much lower than that in urban residential buildings. The energy consumption of cooling in summer is positively correlated with the utilization rate of air conditioning and negatively correlated with the area of semi-open space. Secondly, the indoor and outdoor thermal environment of the traditional house, the lower level house with patio and the low level house without patio were measured. Semi-open space, variable enclosure and sun shading are the main technologies for traditional agricultural houses to adapt to the climate, but they have not been effectively passed on in modern agricultural houses. The problem of bad indoor wind environment caused by the external closure of traditional houses has not been completely solved in modern agricultural houses. The thermal environment of the top floor room caused by the absence of roof insulation structure is a new problem in modern agricultural houses. Thirdly, the thermal comfort level of rural residents in Chaoshan area is investigated on the spot, and the relationship between thermal environment and thermal comfort in 448 valid questionnaires is analyzed, and the thermal sensation model of rural residents under humid and hot climate is established. The range of thermal neutral temperature and 80% acceptable temperature was determined. Compared with the urban residents in the humid and hot climate area, the rural residents have stronger adaptability to the humid and thermal climate and rely more on the way of adjusting wind speed and clothing thermal resistance in order to reduce the thermal discomfort. Comparing the thermal sensation between semi-open space and indoor space, it is found that semi-open space is more favorable to maintain the adaptability of human body to humid and thermal climate. Finally, the optimization strategies are put forward from three angles of shading, heat insulation and natural ventilation for the low level farmhouses with and without patio, and the optimization effect is evaluated quantitatively by using the method of computer aided analysis. The effect of improving the indoor thermal environment in the way of local aerial in the low level farmhouse without patio is remarkable; the effect of shading in the roof of the low level farm house with patio is remarkable; the comprehensive optimization of heat insulation effect of roof and wall is significantly better than that of single optimization.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.4;TU119

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