钱塘江流域城市饮用水水源公共安全对策研究

发布时间：2019-03-14 15:12

【摘要】：近年来,钱塘江流域城市饮用水水源安全问题越来越受到社会各方的关注。如杭州市,先是开展钱塘江饮用水源地综合整治工作,接着启动将闲林水库作为备用水库的工程建设,然后将新安江饮水工程列入杭州市“十二五”投资建设水利工程重点项目之一,可见杭州主城区饮用水水源安全形势的严峻性。如何确保饮用水水源的安全,以保障钱塘江流域的可持续发展,这是一个亟待深入研究的课题。本文通过对国内外相关研究成果及其已有法律法规、管理体制的梳理,首次从长时段视角对钱塘江流域城市饮用水原水的历史变迁进行研究,提出要从根本上解决该流域饮用水安全问题,当务之急是从流域整体性出发,建立流域水资源管理机构,构建钱塘江流域饮用水水源公共安全体系。首先,本文发现该流域城市饮用水原水及供水方式经历了三次重大变迁：一是以江水(溪水、河水)、井水、湖水为主要饮用水的分散式取水；二是以江水为主要原水的集中式供水；三是以水库水和新安江、富春江、钱塘江江水为原水的集中式供水。三次变迁与该流域经济与城市拓展、居民居住空间与生活方式改变、水污染日益严重密切相关。其次,本文认为指出该流域城市饮用水水源面临的主要问题：一是饮用水原水单一与备用水源问题；二是水资源配置问题；三是水源环境污染问题；四是水源地生态补偿机制问题；五是突发性水危机问题；六是流域管理体制问题。最后,本文就解决该流域城市饮用水水源安全问题,从四个方面提出对策：一是学习借鉴美国、英国及其欧洲一些国家水流域管理经验,从流域整体性出发,打破行政区划管理权限,完善钱塘江流域水资源管理体制,建议建立钱塘江流域水资源委员会或调整现有钱塘江管理局职能,建立长效管理应对机制；二是构建钱塘江流域饮用水水源公共安全体系,建设饮用水水源公共安全数据库,培育居民的可持续公共安全理念；三是进一步完善钱塘江流域饮用水水源保护法律制度；四是目前需要迫切解决的几个具体问题,包括备用水源的建设、饮用水水源环境污染治理、钱塘江流域产业结构规划等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the safety of urban drinking water sources in Qiantang River Basin. For example, in Hangzhou, first, the comprehensive renovation of the Qiantang River drinking water source was carried out, and then the construction of the project using the Yulin Reservoir as a reserve reservoir was initiated. Then the drinking water project of Xinanjiang River is included in one of the key projects of investment and construction of water conservancy projects in Hangzhou during the 12th five-year Plan. It can be seen that the safety situation of drinking water source in Hangzhou main urban area is serious. How to ensure the safety of drinking water source in order to ensure the sustainable development of Qiantang River Basin is a subject that needs to be studied in depth. This paper studies the historical changes of urban drinking water in Qiantang River basin from a long-term perspective by combing the domestic and foreign relevant research results, existing laws and regulations, and the management system for the first time. In order to solve the problem of drinking water safety in this basin, the urgent task is to set up the water resources management institution and construct the public safety system of drinking water source in Qiantang River basin from the point of view of the integrity of the basin. First of all, this paper found that the urban drinking water and the way of water supply have undergone three major changes: first, the main drinking water is river water (stream water, river water), well water, lake water as the main drinking water; The second is the centralized water supply with the river water as the main raw water, and the third is the centralized water supply with the reservoir water and the water from the Xinan River, the Fuchun River and the Qiantang River as the raw water. The three vicissitudes are closely related to the economic and urban expansion of the basin, the change of residents' living space and life style, and the increasingly serious water pollution. Secondly, this paper points out the main problems faced by urban drinking water sources in this basin: one is the problem of raw water of drinking water, the other is the allocation of water resources, the third is the pollution of water source environment, the other is the problem of water resources allocation. The fourth is the ecological compensation mechanism of the water source area; the fifth is the sudden water crisis; the other is the watershed management system. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures from four aspects to solve the problem of urban drinking water safety in this basin: first, learn from the experience of watershed management in the United States, Britain and some European countries, and start from the integrity of the basin. Break the administrative division management authority, perfect the Qiantang river basin water resources management system, propose to establish the Qiantang river basin water resources committee or adjust the existing Qiantang river administration function, establish the long-term management response mechanism; The second is to construct a public safety system for drinking water sources in the Qiantang River Basin, to build a public safety database for drinking water sources, to cultivate the concept of sustainable public safety for residents, and to further improve the legal system for the protection of drinking water sources in the Qiantang River Basin. The fourth is some specific problems that need to be solved urgently at present, including the construction of standby water source, the treatment of environmental pollution of drinking water source, the industrial structure planning of Qiantang River basin, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D63;TU991.15

【参考文献】