新技术影响下外窗的演变与发展

发布时间：2019-03-28 16:52

【摘要】：纵观建筑历史的发展,尤其是近现代建筑历史的发展,建筑在形式、功能等方面都发生了巨大的进步与改变。而窗户作为建筑最为重要的组成元素之一,其形式与功能也都发生了相应的革新与变化。追溯其根源,影响窗户发生变化的重要因素之一便是新技术的诞生、发展与应用。在形式方面,新技术使得窗户向着更为自由化、消融化的方向发展。具体来说,窗户从传统的窗洞的形式,逐步转变为了自由的、不受结构因素限制的、大扇的,或是直接取代了建筑中墙的存在成为了新式的玻璃幕墙。另外一些新材料技术的出现,使得窗户的形式的变化更为明显。玻璃已不再仅仅是透光取景的媒介,也逐渐成为了表现建筑自身形象的一种方式。在功能方面,窗户的各个部件也因新技术的影响发生了重大改变。窗框变得更轻更坚固、导热性能更低,玻璃等面板也具有更为复合的功能,在隔音的同时还能做到低吸收率等等,从而使得建筑也更为节能环保。另外,一些新的通风方式用于窗户上,不仅减低了建筑的能耗而且还增加了人的舒适性;还有一些新的遮阳方式,也使得建筑既节能又美观且更易于操作。还有一些更为新兴的技术,例如光电太阳能、热致变玻璃、电质变玻璃、以及可随太阳角度变化而变化的自动遮阳系统等,虽然这些新技术有的刚投入市场,有的还未大量推广,但随着这些以及更多新技术的发展与产生,窗户必将向着更为自由化、消融化、节能化、生态化以及人性化的方向发展,同时也使得建筑会变得更加美好。
[Abstract]:Throughout the development of architectural history, especially the development of modern architecture history, architecture in form, function and other aspects have undergone great progress and changes. As one of the most important elements of architecture, the form and function of windows have been innovated and changed accordingly. The birth, development and application of new technology are one of the most important factors that influence the change of windows. On the formal side, new technologies have led to more liberalisation and melting of windows. Specifically, the window has gradually changed from the traditional window hole to the free, structure-free, large fan, or directly replacing the existence of the wall in the building as a new type of glass curtain wall. The appearance of some new material technology makes the change of window form more obvious. Glass is no longer only a medium for viewing, but also a way to express its own image. On the functional side, the various parts of the window have also undergone significant changes due to the impact of new technologies. Window frames become lighter and stronger, lower thermal conductivity, glass and other panels also have a more composite function, while insulation can also achieve low absorptivity, and so on, making the building more energy-saving and environmental protection. In addition, some new ventilation methods used in windows not only reduce the energy consumption of the building, but also increase the comfort of people, and some new ways of shading also make the building energy-saving and beautiful and easy to operate. There are also more emerging technologies, such as photoelectric solar energy, thermally induced glass, electrical glass, and automatic sunshade systems that can vary with the sun's angle, although some of these new technologies have just been put on the market. Some have not yet been widely promoted, but with the development and emergence of these and more new technologies, windows are bound to become more liberalized, melting, energy-saving, ecological and humanized, and also make buildings more beautiful.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU228

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