中国古代营造技术中的制器尚象观
发布时间：2019-04-13 11:07
【摘要】：“制器尚象”是中国古代科技思想中的独特理念,是建立在中国古代术数学知识体系之上的技术观念,对古代哲学和科学思想体系的构建和逻辑关系的形成都是不可或缺的基本观念。在古代建筑的营造活动中,特别在技术逻辑的层面上,“制器尚象”观念对建筑营造实践的影响和作用都十分明显。《周易·系辞》中提出的“制器尚象”的造物理据在古代技术文献如《考工记》、《营造法式》、《新仪象法要》、《梦溪笔谈》、《天工开物》中均有阐述。不仅如此,考察“象”概念的起源,从最早的卦象创制到汉字的“六书”造字,均因循会意式思维的推类逻辑体系。继而由此体系发展起来的阴阳术数学涵盖算学、天文、历法、乐律、军事、医学等开物成器的几乎所有门类科学,其理论几乎都建立在“象”概念的推类之上。因此从“制器尚象”观念出发对古代营造技术进行思考可以更确切地理解营造者的技术初衷,了解古建筑的形制和技术内涵的原始动机。论文阐述如下内容:一、“制器尚象”观念的沿革及考据;二、阐述“象”的概念与其背后的术数学知识体系的概况;三、在会意思维形成的“制器尚象”观念之下的技术逻辑方式,以及“制器尚象”在古代造物实践中的运用及考据;四、古代建筑尺度数值取“象”的考据及推类方式解读;五、重要的建筑技术如尺度和举折、屋面构架、斗h1、机枢的形制与“象理”之间的关系;六、结论与启示:“制器尚象”观念对营造技术实践的影响是深层次的,不仅仅停留在启示层面,更深层次的是与整个传统的术数学体系的整体关联。
[Abstract]:It is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought, and a technical concept based on the mathematical knowledge system of ancient Chinese science and technology, "making an artifact still like" is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought. The construction of ancient philosophy and scientific thought system and the formation of logical relationship are indispensable basic concepts. In the construction of ancient architecture, especially on the level of technical logic, The influence and function of the concept of "making utensils yet to resemble" on the practice of building construction are very obvious. The physical basis of the "making utensils yet to be like" put forward in the Book of changes is in ancient technical documents such as the Records of the examiner, the Construction of the French style. The New method of instrument and Image, Mengxi's pen talk, Tianchong opening object are all described in this paper. Moreover, examining the origin of the concept of "Xiang", from the creation of the earliest hexagram images to the creation of the characters of "six Books", all follow the logical system of inference of wishful thinking. Then the mathematics of Yin and Yang, which developed from this system, includes arithmetic, astronomy, calendar, music, military, medicine, etc. Almost all kinds of science, its theory is based on the concept of "elephant" on the basis of almost all kinds of science. Therefore, it is possible to understand the original intention of the builder and the original motive of the form and technology connotation of the ancient architecture by thinking about the ancient construction technology from the point of view of "making device and still being like". The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the evolution and textual research of the concept of "still making objects", (2) the general situation of the concept of "elephant" and the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it, and the general situation of the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it. Third, the technical logic mode under the concept of "making objects still like", and the application and textual research of "making objects still like" in the practice of ancient creation, (4) the textual research of "Xiang" in ancient architectural scale and the interpretation of the way of deduction; (5) the relationship between scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, the shape of the armature and the "figurative theory" of the important architectural techniques, such as scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, and so on. 6. Conclusion and enlightenment: the influence of the concept of "making weapon as yet" on the construction technology practice is deep-seated, not only on the level of enlightenment, but also on the whole connection with the whole traditional technical mathematics system.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-092
本文编号：2457499
[Abstract]:It is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought, and a technical concept based on the mathematical knowledge system of ancient Chinese science and technology, "making an artifact still like" is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought. The construction of ancient philosophy and scientific thought system and the formation of logical relationship are indispensable basic concepts. In the construction of ancient architecture, especially on the level of technical logic, The influence and function of the concept of "making utensils yet to resemble" on the practice of building construction are very obvious. The physical basis of the "making utensils yet to be like" put forward in the Book of changes is in ancient technical documents such as the Records of the examiner, the Construction of the French style. The New method of instrument and Image, Mengxi's pen talk, Tianchong opening object are all described in this paper. Moreover, examining the origin of the concept of "Xiang", from the creation of the earliest hexagram images to the creation of the characters of "six Books", all follow the logical system of inference of wishful thinking. Then the mathematics of Yin and Yang, which developed from this system, includes arithmetic, astronomy, calendar, music, military, medicine, etc. Almost all kinds of science, its theory is based on the concept of "elephant" on the basis of almost all kinds of science. Therefore, it is possible to understand the original intention of the builder and the original motive of the form and technology connotation of the ancient architecture by thinking about the ancient construction technology from the point of view of "making device and still being like". The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the evolution and textual research of the concept of "still making objects", (2) the general situation of the concept of "elephant" and the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it, and the general situation of the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it. Third, the technical logic mode under the concept of "making objects still like", and the application and textual research of "making objects still like" in the practice of ancient creation, (4) the textual research of "Xiang" in ancient architectural scale and the interpretation of the way of deduction; (5) the relationship between scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, the shape of the armature and the "figurative theory" of the important architectural techniques, such as scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, and so on. 6. Conclusion and enlightenment: the influence of the concept of "making weapon as yet" on the construction technology practice is deep-seated, not only on the level of enlightenment, but also on the whole connection with the whole traditional technical mathematics system.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-092
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