角度传感器在边坡监测中的应用研究

发布时间：2019-04-20 18:19

【摘要】：山体滑坡是山区频发的地质灾害，大量的滑坡灾害对人民生命财产造成了巨大的损失。滑坡灾害的发生是一个累积变形的过程，一般都有明显的前兆特征。边坡土体变形是边坡失稳最明显、最直观的反映，变形监测是对边坡稳定性评价的重要手段。根据边坡土体变形的参数对边坡进行稳定性评价，是变形监测的基础，是实现边坡变形定量评价的重要方法。边坡监测系统主要依靠先进的科学技术，运用传感器进行现场监测，获取边坡变形的特征参数，如位移矢量、位移速度、角矢量、应力、土体温度、雨量等，并利用现代通信网络技术实现边坡变形的远程实时监测，借助于各种分析方法，研究这些参数与边坡稳定性的关系，对边坡变形过程进行模拟，，把握边坡变形远程的客观规律，对边坡的稳定性进行分析、预测，而实现边坡安全性预警，在减少滑坡等地质灾害、保护民众生命财产安全方面发挥着重要作用。本文以角度传感器为基础，依托工程实践，研究角度传感器在边坡监测系统中的应用。根据角度传感器基本原理和边坡变形监测的工程特点，拟定了用角度和位移矢量进行边坡安全性评价的方案。按照方案，研究设计并制作了基于角度传感器的测斜仪设备，并采用一系列抗干扰设计措施，提升了测斜仪设备的系统性能，使之能稳定可靠地实现角度的测量，并将其应用于边坡监测系统中；针对测斜仪设备在研制过程中普遍存在的固定误差和比例误差，本文从坐标变换原理启发，提出了基于坐标变换原理和粒子群算法的误差校正算法用以解决设备误差问题，取得了较好的效果，使测斜仪能够满足边坡监测工程的技术要求；针对沪渝高速石忠路段边坡工程实际情况，综合考虑技术、经济、安全、稳定等多个维度，设计了基于角度、位移信息的联合测量方法，构建了边坡监测系统，获取了工程实地的实时数据；结合工程实际情况，建立边坡安全状况评价模型，根据强度折减法的原理，对位移、角度信息与边坡变形过程的关系进行分析，提出了基于位移、角度信息的边坡稳定性评价方法，实现了边坡安全性预警。
[Abstract]:Landslide is a frequent geological disaster in mountainous areas, and a large number of landslide disasters have caused great losses to people's lives and property. Landslide disaster is a cumulative deformation process, generally has obvious precursor characteristics. Slope soil deformation is the most obvious and direct reflection of slope instability. Deformation monitoring is an important means to evaluate slope stability. The stability evaluation of slope according to the deformation parameters of slope soil is the foundation of deformation monitoring and an important method to realize quantitative evaluation of slope deformation. The slope monitoring system mainly relies on the advanced science and technology, uses the sensor to carry on the on-site monitoring, obtains the characteristic parameter of the slope deformation, such as displacement vector, displacement velocity, angle vector, stress, soil temperature, rainfall and so on. The modern communication network technology is used to realize the remote real-time monitoring of slope deformation. With the help of various analysis methods, the relationship between these parameters and slope stability is studied, the deformation process of slope is simulated, and the objective law of slope deformation is grasped. The analysis and prediction of slope stability and the realization of early warning of slope safety play an important role in reducing geological hazards such as landslides and protecting the safety of people's lives and property. Based on angle sensor and engineering practice, this paper studies the application of angle sensor in slope monitoring system. According to the basic principle of angle sensor and engineering characteristics of slope deformation monitoring, a scheme of slope safety evaluation with angle and displacement vector is proposed. According to the scheme, the inclinometer equipment based on angle sensor is researched, designed and manufactured, and a series of anti-interference design measures are adopted to improve the system performance of the inclinometer equipment, so that the angle measurement can be realized stably and reliably. And it is applied to the slope monitoring system. Based on the principle of coordinate transformation and particle swarm optimization (PSO), an error correction algorithm based on coordinate transformation principle and particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of equipment error, in view of the fixed error and scale error commonly existing in the development of inclinometer equipment, which is based on the principle of coordinate transformation and particle swarm optimization. Good results have been obtained, so that the inclinometer can meet the technical requirements of slope monitoring engineering. In view of the actual situation of slope engineering in Shizhong section of Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, a joint measurement method based on angle and displacement information is designed and the slope monitoring system is constructed, considering the multi-dimension of technology, economy, safety and stability, etc. Obtain the real-time data of the engineering field; According to the principle of strength reduction method, the relationship between displacement, angle information and slope deformation process is analyzed, and based on the displacement, the evaluation model of slope safety is established according to the actual situation of the project. The evaluation method of slope stability based on angle information realizes the early warning of slope safety.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU433;TP212.9

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