无筋砌体结构的抗震性能与地震易损性分析

发布时间：2019-05-07 20:30

【摘要】：取材方便、施工简单和经济实惠等特点使得无筋砌体结构广泛存在于我国农村以及城镇中。在人类文明中，很多代表人类古代文明的建筑物同样也是砌体结构。但是结构材料特性的离散性、施工的非工程性本质以及开洞墙体分析难题使得无筋砌体结构的分析十分困难。加之近年来地震频发，由于其动力特性有很强的非线性，无筋砌体结构在历次震害中都损伤严重。基于砌体结构分析的难题，国内对砌体结构抗震性能研究主要集于确定性分析和考虑单一不确定性的分析。因此考虑多种不确定因素的无筋砌体结构地震易损性分析就显得十分重要。本文首先对无筋砌体结构实体墙体的力学性能以及建模分析做了详细介绍，分别讨论了无筋砌体结构实体墙的弹性以及非线性力学特性，介绍了弹性及塑性刚度的计算公式。进而在实体墙力学性能研究的基础上通过等效框架方法得到了开洞砌体墙体的弹性力学性能。之后，采用添加塑性的方式使得等效框架结构能够较为准确模拟无筋砌体结构静力和动力的非线性力学性能。使用用户友好型软件SAP2000进行了等效框架法建模分析，将分析结果与帕维亚大学试验以及ISMES试验结果作为对比，验证了添加剪切塑性铰的等效框架方法能够较好模结构静力和动力反应。然后，使用VBA语言调用SAP2000，实现建模、分析以及结果输入的全自动化，方便之后的大量分析。在验证模型之后，分别对两层一跨和单层单跨的无筋砌体结构进行了确定性抗震性能分析，包括模态分析、Pushover分析和非线性动力时程分析，了解了结构的动力性能、失效模式和地震力结构中的分布形式。在确定性分析之后，对两层一跨无筋砌体结构进行地震易损性分析并讨论结构地震易损性分析参数对结构地震易损性曲线的影响。采用云图法、动力Pushover分析和统计方法，非别考虑地震动不确定性和结构的不确定性，，得到了结构的地震易损性曲线。对不同方法得到的无筋砌体结构地震易损性进行分析比较后得出：统计方法得到的结构地震易损性最高，动力Pushover次之，云图法最低的结论。
[Abstract]:The advantages of convenient material acquisition, simple construction and economic benefit make the unreinforced masonry structure widely exist in rural areas and towns of our country. In human civilization, many buildings that represent ancient civilization are also masonry structures. However, the discreteness of structural material characteristics, the non-engineering nature of construction and the difficult problems in analysis of wall with holes make the analysis of unreinforced masonry structures very difficult. In addition, earthquakes occur frequently in recent years, because of its strong nonlinear dynamic characteristics, unreinforced masonry structures have been seriously damaged in previous earthquakes. Based on the difficult problems of masonry structure analysis, the research on seismic performance of masonry structure in China is mainly focused on deterministic analysis and single uncertainty analysis. Therefore, seismic vulnerability analysis of unreinforced masonry structures considering many uncertain factors is very important. In this paper, the mechanical properties and modeling analysis of the solid wall of unreinforced masonry structure are introduced in detail. The elastic and nonlinear mechanical properties of the solid wall of unreinforced masonry structure are discussed respectively, and the calculation formulas of elastic and plastic stiffness are introduced. On the basis of the study of the mechanical properties of the solid wall, the elastic mechanical properties of the masonry wall with openings are obtained by the equivalent frame method. After that, the equivalent frame structure can accurately simulate the static and dynamic nonlinear mechanical properties of the unreinforced masonry structure by adding plasticity. The user-friendly software SAP2000 is used for modeling and analysis of the equivalent frame method. The results are compared with those of the Pavia University experiment and the ISMES test. It is verified that the equivalent frame method with shear plastic hinge can better model the static and dynamic responses of the structure. Then, we use VBA language to call SAP2000, to realize modeling, analysis and result input automation, which is convenient for a lot of analysis. After verifying the model, the deterministic seismic performance analysis of two-story, one-span and single-story single-span unreinforced masonry structures is carried out, including modal analysis, Pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and the dynamic performance of the structure is understood. Failure modes and distribution forms in earthquake force structures. After the deterministic analysis, the seismic vulnerability analysis of two-story one-span unreinforced masonry structure is carried out and the influence of structural seismic vulnerability analysis parameters on the seismic vulnerability curve of the structure is discussed. Using cloud map method, dynamic Pushover analysis and statistical method, the seismic vulnerability curve of the structure is obtained without considering the uncertainty of ground motion and structure. The seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry structures obtained by different methods is analyzed and compared. It is concluded that the seismic vulnerability of structures obtained by statistical method is the highest, that of dynamic Pushover is the second, and that of cloud map method is the lowest.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU364;TU352.11

【参考文献】