不同类型城市公园绿地防灾避险规划研究

发布时间：2019-05-21 21:58

【摘要】：进入二十一世纪以来尤其是近十年间,亚太地区尤其是中国灾害都进入频发期,且灾害种类、强度、影响范围等呈上升趋势,以至灾害对城市所造成的人员及经济财产损失逐年攀升,使得各国城市防灾工作面临重要挑战。在一次次的灾害经历及灾后救援疏散经验中人们逐渐认识并开始重视作为城市绿地系统重要组成部分的城市公园绿地所发挥的灾前防御及灾时避险功能,并更加注重在满足公园绿地现有生态、景观、休闲等功能的基础上挖掘其防灾避险功能,将其纳入城市防灾空间体系的有机组成部分,使得城市防灾避险场所体系更为完善,此外,将城市公园绿地与防灾避险场所结合建设规划对于提高土地利用率、实现资源和空间共享具有重要意义。本文正是在这样的背景下,从自身研究领域出发,在了解学习国外研究成果和建设经验的基础上,对城市公园绿地概念从功能、使用人群、设施、环境、经营团体等方面进行归纳,明晰城市绿地分类标准下不同性质的公园绿地与防灾避险场所结合建设的适宜性,并对本次研究范围进行界定；分析我国所遭受的自然灾害类型及区域分布特征,总结我国所遭受的首要自然灾害类型；梳理总结灾后不同时段避灾人员不同行为心理需求；明晰防灾避险场所体系及规划指标体系作为研究的基础和指导,使本文的研究更具科学性。在考虑自身能力范畴所及基础上选择哈尔滨、北京、成都市区范围内具有代表性的城市中心区及区内具有代表性的已列为防灾避险场所的公园绿地,通过大量的实地调研、资料搜集及问卷调查,从总体规划和详细规划两方面总结提出现状公园绿地防灾避险规划存在的共性问题,以此作为后文研究开展的突破口。从灾前防御与灾时避险两方面分析总结公园绿地的防灾避险功能,并阐述其与防灾避险场所结合规划建设的必要性；综合灾后不同时段人员的不同行为心理需求、我国防灾避险场所规划理论和指标、日本防灾公园分类指标等要素,归纳出我国防灾避险公园绿地三种类型：城区级基地型防灾避险公园绿地、社区级据点型防灾避险公园绿地和居住小区级过渡型防灾避险公园绿地；以功能层次上的组成要素结合布局层次上的形态要素构建完整体系,强调两个层次构建要素的联系,以构建层级化网络化的防灾避险公园绿地体系。提出不同类型城市公园绿地防灾避险规划应遵循的五项原则,并针对调研问题从总体规划方面提出理想布局模型和优化布局模型；详细规划方面针对三种类型公园绿地的防灾避险功能从场地规划、空间布局、设施规划三个大的方面提出相应规划对策,希望通过本文的研究,可以为不同类型城市公园绿地防灾避险专项规划总体布局和单体布置提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21 century, especially in the past ten years, disasters in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China, have entered a period of frequent occurrence, and the types, intensity and scope of disasters have shown an upward trend. As a result, the loss of human and economic property caused by disasters is rising year by year, which makes the urban disaster prevention work in various countries face important challenges. In the experience of disaster and rescue and evacuation after disaster, people gradually understand and begin to pay attention to the function of predisaster defense and risk aversion of urban park green space, which is an important part of urban green space system. And pay more attention to excavate its disaster prevention and avoidance function on the basis of satisfying the existing ecological, landscape, leisure and other functions of park green space, and bring it into the organic part of the urban disaster prevention space system, so that the urban disaster prevention and avoidance place system is more perfect. In addition, the combination of urban park green space and disaster prevention and avoidance place construction planning is of great significance to improve land use efficiency and realize resource and space sharing. This paper is in this context, from their own research field, on the basis of understanding and learning foreign research results and construction experience, the concept of urban park green space from the function, user population, facilities, environment, The management groups and other aspects are summarized, and the suitability of the combination of different nature of park green space and disaster prevention and avoidance places under the classification standard of urban green space is clarified, and the scope of this study is defined. This paper analyzes the types and regional distribution characteristics of natural disasters in China, summarizes the primary types of natural disasters in China, combs and summarizes the different behavioral psychological needs of disaster averse personnel in different periods after disasters. It is necessary to clarify the system of disaster prevention and shelter and the index system of planning as the basis and guidance of the research, which makes the research of this paper more scientific. On the basis of considering the scope of their own ability, this paper selects the representative urban central areas of Harbin, Beijing and Chengdu and the representative park green spaces listed as disaster prevention and avoidance places in the urban areas of Harbin, Beijing and Chengdu, and through a large number of field research, Data collection and questionnaire survey, this paper summarizes the common problems existing in the disaster prevention and avoidance planning of park green space from two aspects of overall planning and detailed planning, which can be used as a breakthrough in the following research. This paper analyzes and summarizes the disaster prevention and avoidance function of park green space from two aspects of pre-disaster prevention and disaster avoidance, and expounds the necessity of combining it with the planning and construction of disaster prevention and avoidance places. According to the different behavioral psychological needs of personnel in different periods after disaster, the planning theory and index of disaster prevention and shelter in China, the classification index of disaster prevention park in Japan, and so on, Three types of green space in disaster prevention and avoidance parks in China are summarized: urban level base disaster prevention and avoidance park green space, community level stronghold disaster prevention and avoidance park green space and residential small district level transitional disaster prevention and avoidance park green space; A complete system is constructed by combining the constituent elements at the functional level with the morphological elements at the layout level, and the relationship between the two levels is emphasized in order to construct a hierarchical and networked green space system for disaster prevention and risk aversion parks. This paper puts forward five principles that should be followed in the disaster prevention and avoidance planning of different types of urban park green space, and puts forward the ideal layout model and the optimal layout model from the aspect of overall planning in view of the investigation and investigation problems. In the aspect of detailed planning, the corresponding planning countermeasures are put forward from three aspects: site planning, spatial layout and facility planning for the disaster prevention and avoidance function of three types of park green space. I hope that through the study of this paper, It can provide reference for the overall layout and single layout of different types of urban park green space disaster prevention and avoidance special planning.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.116;TU986.5

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