基于乡镇尺度的大冶市LUCC及其景观格局变化研究
发布时间：2019-06-03 13:11
【摘要】：湖北省大冶市是一个历史悠久的采掘工业和冶金工业城市，目前正面临着资源型主导产业衰退、经济全面下滑、失业职工人数众多、生活水平下降、生态破坏衰退和环境污染严重等问题，2008年大冶市成为全国首批资源枯竭型城市转型试点县级市。在人口、经济和政策等因素的驱动下，大冶市土地利用格局发生了重大变化。研究土地利用变化和基于景观生态学的土地利用空间格局变化，对于揭示其土地利用变化规律，实现土地资源的可持续利用具有重要的现实意义。 本文以大冶市及其各乡镇为研究区域，基于1990、1995、2000年三期TM影像以及从Terra卫星拍摄的MODIS影像中提取的2001年、2006年、2011年湖北省土地覆被类型年合成栅格数据产品（空间分辨率为500m×500m）等数据资料，利用遥感影像处理软件ERDAS9.2，结合大冶市1：25万地形图和行政区划矢量图，对遥感影像进行几何校正、裁剪等处理。在此基础上，按照大冶市土地资源分类系统标准进行分类，并计算分类精度。应用ArcGIS9.3软件生成土地利用转移面积矩阵，并构建转移面积模型和土地利用动态变化模型，从土地利用类型面积的数量变化、土地利用结构的空间变化、土地利用速度变化、土地利用程度变化等方面对研究区土地利用/覆被空间格局变化进行分析；另一方面，运用景观生态学的理论和方法，结合景观格局分析软件Fragstats3.3在地类级别、景观级别两个不同层面分别选取多个景观要素特征指标和景观异质性指标并进行计算，定量分析研究区从1990年到2000年的土地利用景观格局变化状况。主要结论总结如下： 1.从土地利用类型区域分布来看，大冶市及其部分乡镇的土地资源优势类型既存在相似性、也存在着差异性。1990-2000年间，保安镇和东风农场的土地资源优势类型较为相似，均以耕地和水域为主；东岳路办以耕地、水域为主，建设用地次之；大冶市的耕地在各土地利用类型中占有绝对主导地位，并且主要集中在中西部和东北部地区，林地次之，主要分布于东南部一带。2001-2011年间，保安镇和大冶市的土地资源优势类型无明显改变，东风农场和东岳路办的土地资源优势类型所占比重逐渐下降，林地和草地所占比重逐渐上升。 2.土地资源数量及空间结构变化方面，1990-2000年间，保安镇各土地资源中变化幅度最为显著的是水域和未利用地；东风农场各土地利用类型中变化最为明显的是耕地和水域；东岳路办各土地利用类型变化量相对较小；大冶市各土地利用类型中耕地的变化量相对最大。2001-2011年间，保安镇各土地利用类型中变化最为明显的是耕地和林地；东风农场各土地利用类型中变化较为明显的分别是林地、草地以及水域，其中水域减少的部分主要转变成林地和草地；东岳路办各土地利用类型中变化最为明显的是草地；大冶市各土地利用类型中变化较为明显的分别是耕地、草地以及水域，其中耕地增加的部分主要来源于草地和水域减少的部分。 3.土地利用动态度变化方面，1990-2000年间，保安镇、东岳路办以及大冶市对土地资源的利用程度一直比较稳定，且处于较高水平，而东风农场对土地资源的利用程度相对于其他区域较低，且呈现出逐渐下降的态势。前5年保安镇和大冶市发展较为平缓，土地利用程度变化不大，东风农场和东岳路办均处于调整期，且东风农场调整幅度较为显著；后5年东岳路办发展速度较慢，土地利用程度变化不大，东风农场、东岳路办以及大冶市均处于调整期，但调整幅度偏小。2001-2011年间，前5年大冶市及其部分乡镇均处于发展期，对土地资源的利用程度均有不同程度的提高，尤其是处于高速发展状态下的保安镇对土地资源的利用程度提高较为显著。后5年大冶市及其部分乡镇均处于调整期，各区域对土地资源的利用程度均略有下降，尤其是东岳路办调整幅度较大，但均保持在较高水平。 4.土地利用景观格局变化方面。在地类级别层面上，保安镇、东岳路办以及大冶市各土地利用类型的景观要素特征无明显变化，而东风农场的耕地所占比重明显减少，，且耕地分布趋于离散，受人类干扰的程度减弱；水域所占比重明显增加，分布趋于集中，受人类干扰的程度增强；在景观级别层面上，保安镇与东岳路办的景观异质性变化特征极为相似，只在变化幅度上略有差异，东岳路办的变化幅度较保安镇大；东风农场的景观异质性在此期间持续小幅下降，景观中的各土地利用类型单一化程度较明显，水域斑块的优势度小幅上升；大冶市的景观异质性则上升，但景观中的各土地利用类型布局仍然趋于均衡化发展，耕地的优势地位没有变化。 5.笔者认为在研究区域土地利用变化时，以遥感和GIS作为空间信息获取和处理的技术手段，将土地利用转移面积矩阵、土地利用动态度模型与景观生态学的理论和方法相结合，可以快速并较为准确地对某一区域的土地利用特征进行定性理解和定量分析，从而为政府的相关管理部门提供科学数据支撑和决策依据。特别是在新一轮土地利用总体规划修编中的专题研究时，方法具有的科学性和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The city of Daye, Hubei Province, is a city with a long history of mining industry and metallurgical industry. At present, it is facing the decline of the leading industry of resource-based industries, the overall economic decline of the economy, the large number of unemployed workers and the decline in the standard of living. In 2008, the city became the first pilot county-level city in the country with the depletion of resources in the first batch of resource-depleted cities. Under the driving of population, economy and policy, the land-use pattern of Daye City has changed greatly. It is of great practical significance to study the change of land use and the spatial pattern of land use, which is based on the landscape ecology, and to reveal the change law of land use and to realize the sustainable use of land resources. This paper takes Daye City and its villages and towns as the research area, based on 1990,1995,2000 and 2000, and from the MODIS images taken from the Terra satellite, in 2001,2006, the land cover of Hubei Province in 2011 was used to synthesize the data of the grid data products (the spatial resolution is 500 m to 500 m) in the year of 2011. The remote sensing image processing software ERDAS9.2 is used, and the remote sensing image is subjected to geometric correction, cutting and the like in combination with the map of 1: 250,000 topographic map and administrative division of Daye City. On the basis of this, the classification of the classification system of the land resources in Daye City is carried out, and the classification of the classification is calculated. The use of ArcGIS9.3 software to generate the land-use transfer area matrix, and to construct the transfer area model and the land-use dynamic change model, from the change of the land-use type area, the spatial change of the land-use structure and the change of the land-use speed The spatial pattern of land use/ cover in the study area is analyzed by the change of land use degree. On the other hand, by using the theory and method of landscape ecology, it is combined with the landscape pattern analysis software, Fragstats3.3, in the ground class The landscape pattern of land use in the study area from 1990 to 2000 was quantitatively analyzed and the landscape heterogeneity index and the landscape heterogeneity index were selected from two different levels of the landscape level. Status. Summary of the main conclusions 1. According to the distribution of land use type, the type of land resource advantage in the city and its part of the town is not only the similarity, but also the difference. In 1990-2000, the land resource advantage types of the security and Dongfeng farms were of higher types. In order to be similar, the land and water area are the main areas; Dongyue Road is the main land and water area, and the construction land is the second; the cultivated land in Daye City has an absolute leading position in each land use type, and is mainly concentrated in the west and the north-east area, and the forest land is the second, mainly in the south-east area.2001-201 During the period of 1 year, there was no obvious change in the type of land resources in the town of security and the city, and the specific gravity of the land resources of Dongfeng Farm and Dongyue Road decreased gradually, and the specific gravity of the forest land and the grassland was one by one. 2. In terms of the number of land resources and the change of the spatial structure, the most significant change in the land resources of the security town during the period 1990-2000 is the water area and the unused land; the most obvious change in the land use types in the Dongfeng farm is that Cultivated land and water area; the change of land use types in Dongyue Road is relatively small; the change of cultivated land in various land use types in Daye City is relatively large. During the period 2001-2011, the change of land use types in the security towns is most obvious: The change of land use types in the east wind farm is the forest land, the grassland and the water area, where the water area is mainly converted into the forest land and the grassland, and the change of the land use types of the Dongyue Road is the most obvious. The change of land use types in Daye City is obviously the cultivated land, the grassland and the water area, and the increase of the cultivated land mainly comes from the grassland and the water area. 3. With respect to the change of the dynamic attitude of land use, the degree of utilization of land resources in the town of security, Dongyue Road and Daye in the period 1990-2000 has been relatively stable and at a higher level, while the utilization of land resources by Dongfeng Farm is relatively high. low in other regions and present In the first five years, the development of the Security Town and the Daye City is relatively flat, with little change in the land use level, the Dongfeng Farm and the Dongyue Road Office are in the adjustment period, and the adjustment range of the Dongfeng Farm is significant; and the development speed of the Dongyue Road Office in the last 5 years is slow, and the land use degree changes Not much, Dongfeng Farm, Dongyue Road Office and Daye City are in the adjustment period, but the adjustment range is small. During the period of 2001-2011, the first 5 years of Daye City and some of the villages and towns are in the development period, and the utilization degree of land resources is all Different degree of improvement, especially in the state of high-speed development, the security town's utilization of land resources In the last five years, the city and some of the villages and towns are in the adjustment period, and the utilization of land resources in all regions has declined slightly, especially the adjustment range of Dongyue Road Office is large, but all held at a high level.4. land in that aspect of landscape pattern, there is no obvious change in the feature of the landscape element of the land use types at the level of the ground level, the security town, the Dongyue road office and the large-smelting city, while the proportion of the cultivated land in the east wind farm is obviously reduced, and the distribution of the cultivated land tends to be discrete, The degree of human disturbance is weakened; the proportion of the water area is obviously increased, the distribution tends to be concentrated, and the degree of human interference is enhanced; at the level of the landscape, the security town is very similar to the landscape heterogeneity of the Dongyue Road Office, only slightly different in the change range, and the Dongyue Road Office The magnitude of the change is higher than that of the guard town; the landscape heterogeneity of the east wind farm continues to decrease slightly during the period, and the degree of simplification of each land use type in the landscape is obvious, and the advantages of the water area patch are slightly increased; and the large-smelting city The landscape heterogeneity of the landscape is rising, but the layout of land use types in the landscape still tends to be balanced and developed, and the cultivated land 5. The author thinks that in the study of the change of land use, using remote sensing and GIS as the technical means of spatial information acquisition and processing, the land-use transfer area matrix, the land-use dynamic attitude model and the landscape life are put forward. In combination with the theory and method of state science, the land-use characteristics of a certain region can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and analyzed in a rapid and more accurate way, thus providing the relevant management department of the government Scientific data support and decision-making basis.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P901;TU984.1
本文编号：2491954
[Abstract]:The city of Daye, Hubei Province, is a city with a long history of mining industry and metallurgical industry. At present, it is facing the decline of the leading industry of resource-based industries, the overall economic decline of the economy, the large number of unemployed workers and the decline in the standard of living. In 2008, the city became the first pilot county-level city in the country with the depletion of resources in the first batch of resource-depleted cities. Under the driving of population, economy and policy, the land-use pattern of Daye City has changed greatly. It is of great practical significance to study the change of land use and the spatial pattern of land use, which is based on the landscape ecology, and to reveal the change law of land use and to realize the sustainable use of land resources. This paper takes Daye City and its villages and towns as the research area, based on 1990,1995,2000 and 2000, and from the MODIS images taken from the Terra satellite, in 2001,2006, the land cover of Hubei Province in 2011 was used to synthesize the data of the grid data products (the spatial resolution is 500 m to 500 m) in the year of 2011. The remote sensing image processing software ERDAS9.2 is used, and the remote sensing image is subjected to geometric correction, cutting and the like in combination with the map of 1: 250,000 topographic map and administrative division of Daye City. On the basis of this, the classification of the classification system of the land resources in Daye City is carried out, and the classification of the classification is calculated. The use of ArcGIS9.3 software to generate the land-use transfer area matrix, and to construct the transfer area model and the land-use dynamic change model, from the change of the land-use type area, the spatial change of the land-use structure and the change of the land-use speed The spatial pattern of land use/ cover in the study area is analyzed by the change of land use degree. On the other hand, by using the theory and method of landscape ecology, it is combined with the landscape pattern analysis software, Fragstats3.3, in the ground class The landscape pattern of land use in the study area from 1990 to 2000 was quantitatively analyzed and the landscape heterogeneity index and the landscape heterogeneity index were selected from two different levels of the landscape level. Status. Summary of the main conclusions 1. According to the distribution of land use type, the type of land resource advantage in the city and its part of the town is not only the similarity, but also the difference. In 1990-2000, the land resource advantage types of the security and Dongfeng farms were of higher types. In order to be similar, the land and water area are the main areas; Dongyue Road is the main land and water area, and the construction land is the second; the cultivated land in Daye City has an absolute leading position in each land use type, and is mainly concentrated in the west and the north-east area, and the forest land is the second, mainly in the south-east area.2001-201 During the period of 1 year, there was no obvious change in the type of land resources in the town of security and the city, and the specific gravity of the land resources of Dongfeng Farm and Dongyue Road decreased gradually, and the specific gravity of the forest land and the grassland was one by one. 2. In terms of the number of land resources and the change of the spatial structure, the most significant change in the land resources of the security town during the period 1990-2000 is the water area and the unused land; the most obvious change in the land use types in the Dongfeng farm is that Cultivated land and water area; the change of land use types in Dongyue Road is relatively small; the change of cultivated land in various land use types in Daye City is relatively large. During the period 2001-2011, the change of land use types in the security towns is most obvious: The change of land use types in the east wind farm is the forest land, the grassland and the water area, where the water area is mainly converted into the forest land and the grassland, and the change of the land use types of the Dongyue Road is the most obvious. The change of land use types in Daye City is obviously the cultivated land, the grassland and the water area, and the increase of the cultivated land mainly comes from the grassland and the water area. 3. With respect to the change of the dynamic attitude of land use, the degree of utilization of land resources in the town of security, Dongyue Road and Daye in the period 1990-2000 has been relatively stable and at a higher level, while the utilization of land resources by Dongfeng Farm is relatively high. low in other regions and present In the first five years, the development of the Security Town and the Daye City is relatively flat, with little change in the land use level, the Dongfeng Farm and the Dongyue Road Office are in the adjustment period, and the adjustment range of the Dongfeng Farm is significant; and the development speed of the Dongyue Road Office in the last 5 years is slow, and the land use degree changes Not much, Dongfeng Farm, Dongyue Road Office and Daye City are in the adjustment period, but the adjustment range is small. During the period of 2001-2011, the first 5 years of Daye City and some of the villages and towns are in the development period, and the utilization degree of land resources is all Different degree of improvement, especially in the state of high-speed development, the security town's utilization of land resources In the last five years, the city and some of the villages and towns are in the adjustment period, and the utilization of land resources in all regions has declined slightly, especially the adjustment range of Dongyue Road Office is large, but all held at a high level.4. land in that aspect of landscape pattern, there is no obvious change in the feature of the landscape element of the land use types at the level of the ground level, the security town, the Dongyue road office and the large-smelting city, while the proportion of the cultivated land in the east wind farm is obviously reduced, and the distribution of the cultivated land tends to be discrete, The degree of human disturbance is weakened; the proportion of the water area is obviously increased, the distribution tends to be concentrated, and the degree of human interference is enhanced; at the level of the landscape, the security town is very similar to the landscape heterogeneity of the Dongyue Road Office, only slightly different in the change range, and the Dongyue Road Office The magnitude of the change is higher than that of the guard town; the landscape heterogeneity of the east wind farm continues to decrease slightly during the period, and the degree of simplification of each land use type in the landscape is obvious, and the advantages of the water area patch are slightly increased; and the large-smelting city The landscape heterogeneity of the landscape is rising, but the layout of land use types in the landscape still tends to be balanced and developed, and the cultivated land 5. The author thinks that in the study of the change of land use, using remote sensing and GIS as the technical means of spatial information acquisition and processing, the land-use transfer area matrix, the land-use dynamic attitude model and the landscape life are put forward. In combination with the theory and method of state science, the land-use characteristics of a certain region can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and analyzed in a rapid and more accurate way, thus providing the relevant management department of the government Scientific data support and decision-making basis.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P901;TU984.1
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前10条
1 曾辉,江子瀛,孔宁宁,高凌云;快速城市化景观格局的空间自相关特征分析 以深圳市龙华地区为例[J];北京大学学报(自然科学版);2000年06期
2 王秀兰,包玉海;土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J];地理科学进展;1999年01期
3 龙花楼,李秀彬;长江沿线样带土地利用格局及其影响因子分析[J];地理学报;2001年04期
4 彭建,王仰麟,张源,李卫锋,吴健生,陈大为;滇西北生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态效应——以云南省永胜县为例[J];地理学报;2004年04期
5 李秀彬;全球环境变化研究的核心领域──土地利用／土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J];地理学报;1996年06期
6 蔡运龙;土地利用/土地覆被变化研究:寻求新的综合途径[J];地理研究;2001年06期
7 白淑英,张树文;县域土地利用/土地覆被时空转换研究——以杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县为例[J];干旱区资源与环境;2005年01期
8 周德全,胡宝清,廖赤眉,严志强;区域喀斯特LUCC研究的理论、方法与应用——以广西都安瑶族自治县为例[J];广西师范学院学报(自然科学版);2005年02期
9 熊勇珍;陈传明;;土地利用与土地覆被变化研究综述[J];廊坊师范学院学报(自然科学版);2008年06期
10 陈佑启,杨鹏;国际上土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究的新进展[J];经济地理;2001年01期
本文编号：2491954
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/guanlilunwen/chengjian/2491954.html
