城市新区生态雨水基础设施规划理论、方法与应用研究

发布时间：2019-06-06 19:56

【摘要】：城市化进程破坏了城市的自然水文过程,加之传统“以排为主”的管网工程措施的雨洪管理理念与体制,引发了一系列的城市雨洪问题,集中表现为：洪涝灾害频发、水环境持续恶化以及水资源严重短缺。城市新区作为我国城市化进程中的建设主体,是未来城市雨洪管理的重点区域,因此需要从规划阶段、在新城建设前,便引入具有前瞻性的雨洪生态管理理念,规避现有旧城区出现的雨洪管理问题。本研究以生态雨水基础设施(ESI)为核心理论,结合我国城市新区的实际情况和规划编制体系,系统地提出了多目标、多尺度的中国城市新区生态雨水基础设施规划的理论框架和方法论体系,并以上海临港新城为例进行实证研究,为临港新城的雨洪生态管理提供技术支撑。论文主要研究结论如下：理论与方法研究： (1)生态基础设施(Ecoligical Stormwater Infrastructure, ESI)是雨洪生态管理的核心理论,强调生态系统有关雨洪调蓄、径流削减、水质保护、清洁水源提供等方面的生态系统服务价值,注重自然水处理与人工设施之间的协调互动。生态雨水基础设施规划包括集中式、终端控制的BMPs-ESI和就地／分散式、源头与过程控制的LID-ESI以及传输型ESI三个组分。 (2)生态雨水基础设施规划具有多目标性以及多领域性,其核心是在“近自然软排水”雨洪生态管理理念的指导下,从水循环、水安全、水环境、水资源等角度,在不同尺度、规划编制阶段,对生态雨水基础设施的类型、规模、布局、结构等进行系统性的保护和规划,形成完整的生态雨水基础设施的网络体系,进而实现城市的可持续雨洪管理和精明增长。 (3)结合城市规划编制体系,提出了城市新区生态雨水基础设施规划的体系、理论、方法与技术流程,包括三个层面：生态雨水基础设施总体规划、生态雨水基础设施控制性规划以及生态雨水基础设施修建性规划。总体规划侧重考虑雨洪生态管理重点区域的BMPs-ESI的规划,雨洪管理景观安全格局(SWMSP)是生态雨水基础设施总体规划的规划成果；控制性规划侧重考虑LID-ESI的规划,有效透水面指标EPA(尤其是有效绿地EGA)是生态雨水基础设施控制性规划的规划成果；修建性规划则是对总体规划和控制性规划确定的ESI提出具体的安排和详细规划设计,指导工程设计与建设。应用研究：结合研究区实际情况,确立了上海临港新城生态雨水基础设施规划的总体目标,建设了生态雨水基础设施规划数据库,并从区域生态雨水基础设施总体规划、典型地块生态雨水基础设施控制性规划、生态雨水基础设施示范工程修建性规划等三个层面展开了实证研究。 (1)区域生态雨水基础设施总体规划实证研究在城市总体规划的规划愿景下,对临港新城主城区的雨洪生态过程进行空间模拟分析,确定了生态雨水基础设施总体规划的重点区域。结合BMPs-ESI适宜性评价,判别出BMPs-ESI的空间位置、组分及其关系,构建区域雨洪管理景观安全格局。研究区基于洪涝控制、径流削减、水质保护等单个雨洪生态管理目标的BMPs-ESI分别为5.71km2、1.81km2以及4.49km2。将单个雨洪生态管理目标的BMPs-ESI格局进行空间叠加、综合分析,形成了连续而完整的、系列化的区域雨洪管理景观安全格局SWMSP,SWMSP的用地面积为8.75km2,占研究区总面积的12.97%,它是研究区城市发展建设中不可逾越的生态底线,应重点保护和严格限制开发建设。 (2)典型地块生态雨水基础设施控制性规划实证研究结合生态雨水基础设施总体规划成果,基于城市控制性规划的规划愿景,运用有效(不)透水面理论和USCSWEM下垫面分类方法,在利益相关方调查分析的基础上,确定了五个规划情景方案,通过水量平衡分析,得出不同情景方案对应的EPA(EGA)的面积指标,并通过SWMM模型对情景规划结果进行验证,最终选定了两个情景规划方案(方案二S2和方案三S3),分别对应绿色建筑评价标准中的基本项和优选项标准。S2对应的EPA、EGA面积分别为2.38hm2、2.02hm2,EGA占绿地面积、地块总面积的比例分别为77.69%、7.52%；S3对应的EPA、EGA面积为1.66hm2、1.30hm2,EGA占绿地面积、总面积的比例为50.16%、4.86%。 (3)生态雨水基础设施示范工程修建性规划与设计实证研究对临港新城护城环路附近的两处生态雨水基础设施示范工程进行了修建性规划与设计,包括砂石生态过滤池、“阶梯式”多级梯度生态净化塘系统(挺水植物塘、沉水植物塘)、生态渗滤沟、表流湿地、复合生态塘系统、潜流湿地等组分。两处示范工程建成后,即使在暴雨、冬季等恶劣气候条件下,也可正常地运行,保持稳定的水质净化效果,具有一定的耐冲击负荷能力,生态、社会、经济效益良好。
[Abstract]:The process of urbanization has destroyed the natural hydrological process of the city, combined with the concept and system of the rain-flood management of the traditional "to take a row as the main" 's network engineering measures, which caused a series of urban rain-flood problems, and concentrated on the frequent occurrence of flood and flood, the continuous deterioration of the water environment and the serious shortage of water resources. As the main part of the urbanization process in our country, the new urban area is the key area of the future urban rain and flood management, so it is necessary to introduce a forward-looking rain-flood ecological management idea from the planning stage to the construction of the new city, and to avoid the problem of the management of the rain and flood in the existing old urban area. Taking the ecological rain-rain infrastructure (ESI) as the core theory and combining with the actual situation and the planning system of the urban new district in China, the paper systematically puts forward the theoretical framework and methodology system of the ecological rain infrastructure planning in the new urban area of China, which is multi-objective and multi-scale, Taking Shanghai Lingang New City as an example, an empirical study is carried out to provide the technical support for the rain and flood ecological management of the new city. The main conclusions are as follows: theory and method research Research: (1) The ecological infrastructure (ESI) is the core of the ecological management of the rain and flood, and it is emphasized that the ecosystem is related to the flood regulation, the runoff reduction, the water, Ecosystem service value in terms of quality protection, clean water supply, etc., and pay attention to the association between natural water treatment and artificial facilities Interacting. Eco-rain infrastructure planning includes centralized, terminal-controlled BMPs-ESI and local/ decentralized, LID-ESI for source and process control, and transmission-type ESI 3 (2) The planning of ecological rain-water infrastructure is multi-objective and multi-domain, the core of which is under the guidance of the concept of ecological management of "near-natural soft drainage" and rain, from the aspects of water circulation, water safety, water environment, water resources and the like, and in different scales and rules In the planning stage, the type, scale, layout and structure of the ecological rain infrastructure shall be systematically protected and planned to form a complete network system of the ecological rain infrastructure, so as to realize the sustainable rain and flood management of the city. and the system, the theory, the method and the technical process of the ecological rain-water infrastructure planning in the urban new area are put forward in combination with the urban planning preparation system, and the system comprises three levels: the ecological rain-base Master Plan, Control Plan of Ecological Rainwater Infrastructure and Ecological Rainwater Foundation The overall planning of the facility is to focus on the planning of BMPs-ESI in the key areas of the rain and flood ecological management, and the landscape safety pattern (SWMSP) of the rain and flood management is the planning result of the overall planning of the ecological rain infrastructure; the control planning focuses on the consideration of the LID -The planning of ESI, the effective water-permeable index EPA (especially the effective green space, EGA) is the planning result of the control plan of the ecological rain-water infrastructure; the construction planning is the specific arrangement and detailed planning and design of the ESI determined by the overall planning and the control plan, and the guidance Engineering Design and Construction and application research: In combination with the actual situation of the research area, the overall objective of the ecological rain infrastructure planning of Shanghai Lingang New Town is established, and the ecological rain infrastructure planning database is constructed, and the ecological rain infrastructure planning database is constructed. Master plan of state rainwater infrastructure, control plan of typical block ecological rain infrastructure, construction of ecological rain infrastructure demonstration project, etc. An empirical study is carried out at three levels. (1) Regional ecology The empirical study on the overall planning of the rainwater infrastructure is based on the planning of the overall plan of the city, and the ecological process of the rain and flood in the main urban area of the new city is analyzed and the ecology is determined. The spatial position, composition and relationship of BMPs-ESI are identified by the evaluation of the suitability of BMPs-ESI. The study area is based on flood control, runoff reduction and water quality protection. The BMPs-ESI of the individual rain and flood ecological management targets is 5.71 km2,1 .81 km2 and 4.49 km2. The BMPs-ESI pattern of the individual rain and flood ecological management targets is spatially overlapped and analyzed, and a continuous and complete series of regional rain and flood management landscape security patterns SWMSP and SWMSP are formed. The land area of SWMSP is 8.75km2. accounting for 12.97% of the total area of the study area, which is an insuperable ecological bottom line in the development and construction of urban development in the research area development and construction should be protected and severely restricted. (2) typically The empirical study on the control planning of the block ecological rain infrastructure, combined with the overall planning results of the ecological rain infrastructure, is based on the planning vision of the urban control plan, and applies the effective (not) Based on the investigation and analysis of the stakeholders, five planning scenarios are determined, and the area index of the EPA (EGA) corresponding to different scenario schemes is obtained through the water volume balance analysis, and the area index of the EPA (EGA) corresponding to the different scenario schemes is obtained through the water volume balance analysis. The scenario planning results are verified by the SWMM model, and two scenario planning schemes are selected (Protocol II S2 and Scheme 3S3), respectively. The basic items and the excellent option standard in the green building evaluation standard. The corresponding EPA and EGA areas of S2 are 2.38hm2, 2.02 hm2, and the total area of the EGA is 77.69% and 7.52%, respectively. The area of the EPA and the EGA corresponding to S3 is 1.66 hm2, 1.30 hm2, and the EGA is the green area. The proportion of total area is 50.16%, 4.86%. (3) Ecology Demonstration of the Construction and Design of the Demonstration Project for Rainwater Infrastructure and Demonstration of the Two Ecological Rainwater Infrastructure in the vicinity of the City of Lingang New Town The construction planning and design of the project is carried out, including the sand-gravel ecological filter pool, the "Stepped" multi-stage gradient ecological purification pond system (the high-water plant pond, the submerged plant pond) and the ecological infiltration. after the two demonstration projects are completed, even in severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, winter and the like, the stable water quality purification effect can be maintained,
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992

【参考文献】