夏热冬冷地区居住建筑墙体保温节能特性研究

发布时间：2019-06-13 16:31

【摘要】：目前,基于夏热冬冷地区居住建筑特有的部分时间部分空间的建筑用能特点下的建筑节能基础研究较少；节能软件在计算该地区建筑围护结构的热工性能优劣时,也是以计算每套住宅全空间、全时间内连续用能下的采暖和空调年耗电量为标准,与该地区住宅实际的采暖空调情况不符合,并非建筑实际的采暖和空调能耗,能否评判该地区的建筑节能效果值得怀疑。因此,对夏热冬冷地区居住建筑部分时间部分空间用能特点下的墙体保温节能特性开展研究具有重要的意义。对此,本文通过调查分析夏热冬冷地区的气候特征和建筑用能特点,得出在夏热冬冷地区,夏季和冬季室内热环境较恶劣,且夏季室内热环境要比冬季恶劣,夏季室内热环境恶劣延续时间约是冬季的三倍；居住建筑用能特征主要表现为：以空调用能为主,夏季制冷电耗远高于冬季制热电耗；部分空间、部分时间用能,即卧室、客厅和书房等分别用能,且用能时间段及频率存在较大差异,应分别对待。针对此用能特点下的居住建筑墙体保温节能特性,本文采用数值计算模型动态计算在该地区独特气候特征与用能特点下不同墙体保温体系下的建筑能耗,研究结果表明：相比不保温围护墙体,采用墙体内保温技术,既可以降低空调20.5%冷负荷,又可以降低48.2%空调热负荷；采用外墙外保温技术,可以降低22.3%空调热负荷,但却会增加21%空调冷负荷,即在夏季制冷时存在“反节能”现象。在部分空间用能特点下,当同时存在两面内墙和两面外墙时,内墙总耗能份额占总能耗的45%左右,仅略低于外墙总耗能,说明该地区建筑节能必须兼顾外墙保温和内墙保温。另外,本文重点分析了外墙外保温技术在不同用能特点下的节能特性,探索适用于该地区的居住建筑墙体围护结构体系。结果表明：部分时间用能特性是外墙外保温技术在夏热冬冷地区出现“反节能”特性的根本原因；夏季制冷和冬季制热在部分时间用能特性下均有可能出现“反节能”特性；夏季部分时间制冷时,若白天制冷,外墙外保温技术的节能特性与外墙是否为“阳面墙”有关；但晚间制冷时,外墙外保温技术很大可能存在“反节能”特性。对于部分空间用能,外墙外保温技术忽略了内墙等内围护构件的能量耗散,不能最大程度上降低能量通过墙体等围护结构的耗散。因此,部分空间用能将降低外墙外保温技术的建筑节能效果。在夏热冬冷地区部分空间用能时,住宅建筑内墙的保温重要性反而高于外墙。
[Abstract]:At present, there is little basic research on building energy saving under the characteristics of building energy consumption in part of time and part of space, which is unique to residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter. When the energy saving software calculates the thermal performance of the building enclosure structure in this area, it is also based on the annual power consumption of heating and air conditioning under the whole space and continuous energy consumption of each residential building in the whole time, which is not in accordance with the actual heating and air conditioning situation in this area, and is not the actual heating and air conditioning energy consumption of the building. It is questionable whether the energy saving effect of the building in this area can be judged. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of wall heat preservation and energy saving under the characteristics of partial time and partial space energy consumption in residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter. In this paper, through the investigation and analysis of the climate characteristics and building energy consumption characteristics in hot summer and cold winter areas, it is concluded that the indoor thermal environment in summer and winter is worse than that in winter, and the indoor thermal environment in summer is worse than that in winter, and the duration of indoor thermal environment in summer is about three times as much as that in winter, and the energy consumption of residential buildings is mainly air conditioning, and the power consumption of refrigeration in summer is much higher than that in winter. Part of space, part of time energy, that is, bedroom, living room and study, etc., and there are great differences in energy use time and frequency, should be treated separately. In view of the energy saving characteristics of residential building walls, this paper uses numerical calculation model to dynamically calculate the building energy consumption under different wall thermal insulation systems under the unique climate characteristics and energy consumption characteristics of this area. The results show that compared with the non-thermal insulation wall, the use of wall internal heat preservation technology can not only reduce the cooling load of air conditioning 20.5%, but also reduce the heat load of 48.2% air conditioning. By using external wall external insulation technology, the heat load of air conditioning can be reduced by 22.3%, but the cooling load of air conditioning can be increased by 21%, that is to say, there is a phenomenon of "anti-energy saving" in summer refrigeration. Under the characteristics of partial spatial energy consumption, when there are two inner walls and two external walls at the same time, the total energy consumption of the inner wall accounts for about 45% of the total energy consumption, which is only slightly lower than the total energy consumption of the external wall, which indicates that the building energy saving in this area must take into account both external wall insulation and inner wall insulation. In addition, this paper focuses on the analysis of the energy-saving characteristics of external wall insulation technology under different energy characteristics, and explores the wall envelope system suitable for residential buildings in this area. The results show that the energy consumption characteristics of part of the time are the fundamental reasons for the "anti-energy saving" characteristics of external wall external insulation technology in hot summer and cold winter areas, and the "anti-energy saving" characteristics of summer refrigeration and winter heating may appear under the characteristics of partial time energy consumption, and the energy saving characteristics of external wall external heat preservation technology are related to whether the external wall is "positive wall" or not when refrigerated during part of the summer, and the energy saving characteristics of external wall external insulation technology are related to whether the external wall is "positive wall". However, when refrigerating at night, the external insulation technology of external wall may have the characteristics of "anti-energy saving". For part of the space energy consumption, the external wall external insulation technology ignores the energy dissipation of the inner envelope such as the inner wall, and can not reduce the energy dissipation through the wall and other enclosure structures to the greatest extent. Therefore, part of the space energy will reduce the building energy saving effect of external wall external insulation technology. When part of the space energy is used in hot summer and cold winter area, the heat preservation importance of the inner wall of the residential building is higher than that of the external wall.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111.4

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