夏热冬冷地区开式热源塔热泵技术的供暖性能研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 11:26

【摘要】：热源塔是由传统冷却塔改进而来的，，在冬季可以取代锅炉进行制热，实现冷、暖、生活热水三联供。热源塔技术处于刚刚起步阶段，对其内部热质交换规律的理论研究很少，在工程上的应用也很少，主要集中在长江以南夏热冬冷地区。为促进热源塔热泵技术在夏热冬冷地区的推广，本文采用理论分析、数值模拟以及实验研究的方法分析了逆流开式热源塔冬季的传热传质特性以及开式热源塔热泵系统的供暖性能、运行经济性和节能性。进行的主要工作如下：首先，通过分别考虑传热、传质系数，摈弃了传统开式冷却塔传热传质数学模型中刘易斯数Le恒为1的假设，建立了逆流开式热源塔冬季传热传质数学模型。为方便求解，本文采用区域离散的方法求解数学模型，将模型计算结果与工程实测结果进行对比分析，分析后发现模型准确度较高。同时，利用C++程序设计语言，编制了逆流开式热源塔冬季性能计算软件。其次，利用逆流开式热源塔冬季性能计算软件分析了逆流开式热源塔冬季传热传质过程中沿填料高度方向各参数分布情况，并定量分析了不同运行参数和结构参数对逆流开式热源塔传热传质性能的影响，以及冬季运行时凝结水的调节。然后，通过综合考虑机组负荷率、冷凝器侧进水温度、蒸发器侧进水温度、冷凝器侧水量、蒸发器侧水量等五个因素的影响，以某厂家提供的螺杆式热源塔热泵机组性能数据为基础，建立了基于数据拟合分析的热源塔热泵机组冬季制热变工况能效模型，并通过41组不同工况的测试数据对模型进行了验证，验证发现模型的准确性较高。再次，根据逆流开式热源塔冬季传热传质模型和热源塔热泵机组冬季变工况能效模型，建立了开式热源塔热泵系统供暖能效耦合模型，并利用C++程序设计语言，编制了开式热源塔热泵系统冬季能耗分析软件。最后，以重庆市某办公建筑作为研究对象，利用DeST能耗模拟软件进行全年动态负荷模拟，并结合开式热源塔热泵系统冬季能耗分析软件，分析了开式热源塔热泵系统在冬季的供暖特性、运行经济性和节能性，并与空气源热泵、燃气锅炉进行了供暖运行经济性和节能性对比分析。相比空气源热泵系统，热源塔热泵系统可以节约运行费用5.55%，热泵机组节能19.04%，系统节能7.29%；相比燃气锅炉供暖系统，热源塔热泵系统可以节约运行费用10.73%，节能28.75%。在此基础上，还对该系统在夏热冬冷地区的适宜性进行了定性分析，发现开式热源塔热泵技术适合在夏热冬冷地区推广应用，尤其适合在南京、合肥及其附近的地区。
[Abstract]:The heat source tower is improved by the traditional cooling tower, which can replace the boiler for heating in winter to realize the combined supply of cold, warm and domestic hot water. The heat source tower technology is in its infancy, the theoretical research on its internal heat and mass exchange law is very few, and its application in engineering is also very few, mainly concentrated in the hot summer and cold winter area south of the Yangtze River. In order to promote the popularization of heat source tower heat pump technology in hot summer and cold winter, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of countercurrent open heat source tower in winter and the heating performance, operation economy and energy saving of open heat source tower heat pump system are analyzed by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental research. The main work is as follows: firstly, by considering the heat and mass transfer coefficients respectively, the Lewis number Le is constant to 1 in the traditional open cooling tower heat and mass transfer mathematical model, and the mathematical model of heat and mass transfer in winter of countercurrent open heat source tower is established. In order to solve the problem conveniently, the regional discretization method is used to solve the mathematical model. The calculated results of the model are compared with the measured results of the project, and it is found that the accuracy of the model is higher. At the same time, the winter performance calculation software of countercurrent open heat source tower is compiled by using C programming language. Secondly, the distribution of parameters along the direction of packing height in the winter heat and mass transfer process of countercurrent open heat source tower is analyzed by using the winter performance calculation software of countercurrent open heat source tower, and the effects of different operating parameters and structural parameters on the heat and mass transfer performance of countercurrent open heat source tower and the regulation of condensate water in winter operation are quantitatively analyzed. Then, based on the performance data of screw heat source tower heat pump unit provided by a manufacturer, the energy efficiency model of heat source tower heat pump unit in winter is established by considering the influence of five factors, such as unit load rate, condenser side water temperature, evaporator side water quantity, etc., which is based on the load rate of the unit, the inlet water temperature of the condenser side, the water quantity of the condenser side and the water quantity of the evaporator side, and the energy efficiency model of the heat source tower heat pump unit in winter is established. The model is verified by 41 groups of test data under different working conditions, and it is found that the accuracy of the model is high. Thirdly, according to the winter heat and mass transfer model of countercurrent open heat source tower and the variable working condition energy efficiency model of heat source tower heat pump unit in winter, the coupling model of heating energy efficiency of open heat source tower heat pump system is established, and the winter energy consumption analysis software of open heat source tower heat pump system is compiled by using C programming language. Finally, taking an office building in Chongqing as the research object, the annual dynamic load simulation is carried out by using DeST energy consumption simulation software, and combined with the winter energy consumption analysis software of the open heat source tower heat pump system, the heating characteristics, operation economy and energy saving of the open heat source tower heat pump system in winter are analyzed, and the heating operation economy and energy saving are compared with those of the air source heat pump and gas boiler. Compared with the air source heat pump system, the heat source tower heat pump system can save 5.55% of the operation cost, 19.04% and 7.29% of the energy saving of the heat pump unit, and 10.73% and 28.75% of the operating cost of the heat source tower heat pump system compared with the gas boiler heating system. On this basis, the suitability of the system in hot summer and cold winter areas is qualitatively analyzed. It is found that the open heat source tower heat pump technology is suitable for popularization and application in hot summer and cold winter areas, especially in Nanjing, Hefei and its adjacent areas.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU832

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