磁流变弹性体及其在结构半主动控制中的应用研究
发布时间：2019-06-19 19:48
【摘要】：振动控制应用于土木工程领域已有四十多年历史,已经发展成为抵御地震、飓风等灾害的有效手段之一。半主动控制是振动控制中最具发展潜力的一种控制形式,它具有能耗低、控制效果好、维护要求不高等优点。磁流变弹性体(MRE)是一种新型的磁流变智能材料,其磁控特性使其在结构半主动控制领域具有广阔的应用前景。 本文针对磁流变弹性体的磁控特性对磁流变弹性体的制备、性能测试、剪切式磁流变弹性体减振器特性以及基于磁流变弹性体减振器的结构半主动控制展开实验研究和仿真分析。本文的主要工作内容和研究成果如下： ①从原材料、原材料配比、实验设备以及相应的制备工艺四个方面出发,制备出两种不同基体的磁流变弹性体——硅橡胶基磁流变弹性体和天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体。 ②设计、制作了磁场发生器,并对该磁场发生器的磁特性进行测试。测试结果表明：磁场发生器在加载2A电流时,测试腔内磁感应强度达0.654T,基本满足设计要求。 ③以该磁场发生器为基础建立了基于万能材料试验机的磁流变弹性体压缩性能测试系统,并对制备的两种磁流变弹性体进行性能测试。测试结果表明：两种磁流变弹性体的压缩模量都随电流的增大而增大,但增加量在不断减小；电流达到1.5A时,两种弹性体的磁致压缩模量都接近饱和；硅橡胶基磁流变弹性体的相对磁流变效应高于天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体；随着形变量的增加,两种弹性体的相对磁流变效应都呈减小趋势。 ④从工作模式选择、材料选择、磁路分析三个方面出发,设计并制备剪切式硅橡胶基磁流变弹性体减振器,采用电液伺服动态疲劳试验机对该减振器性能进行测试。测试结果表明：相同位移下,加载幅值较大的MRE减振器输出力较小：加载频率对MRE减振器的力学性能基本没有影响；在加载频率为0.5HZ、幅值为1mm的条件下,MRE减振器的等效刚度最大增加了128.2%,等效粘滞阻尼比基本不随电流变化。 ⑤对基于MRE减振器的被动控制结构以及基于PD控制、LQR控制、模糊控制的三种半主动控制结构进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明：四种控制结构对位移响应和加速度响应都具有较好的控制效果,其中对位移响应的控制效果要优于对加速度响应的控制效果；不同地震波作用下,四种控制结构对于结构响应峰值的控制效果优劣性没有明显规律性,但是对于响应均方根值的控制效果具有明显的规律性。其中对于位移均方根值,LQR控制的控制效果最好,被动控制次之,然后为模糊控制,PD控制的控制效果最差；对于加速度均方根值,PD控制的控制效果最优,LQR控制次之,然后为模糊控制,被动控制的控制效果最差。
[Abstract]:Vibration control has been used in civil engineering for more than 40 years and has become one of the effective means to resist earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters. Semi-active control is one of the most potential control forms in vibration control. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, good control effect and low maintenance requirements. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new type of magnetorheological intelligent material. Its magnetron properties make it have a broad application prospect in the field of structural semi-active control. In this paper, the preparation and performance test of magnetorheological elastomer, the characteristics of shear magnetorheological elastomer shock absorber and the semi-active control of structure based on magnetorheological elastomer are studied and simulated. The main contents and research results of this paper are as follows: 1 from four aspects of raw materials, raw material ratio, experimental equipment and corresponding preparation technology, two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer with different matrix, silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastomer and natural rubber based magnetorheological elastomer, were prepared. 2. The magnetic field generator is designed and fabricated, and the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic field generator are tested. The test results show that the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generator reaches 0.654T when 2A current is loaded, which basically meets the design requirements. (3) based on the magnetic field generator, the compression performance test system of magnetorheological elastomer based on universal material testing machine is established, and the properties of two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer are tested. The test results show that the compression modulus of the two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer increases with the increase of current, but the increase is decreasing; when the current reaches 1.5A, the magnetoresistive modulus of the two kinds of elastomer is close to saturation; the relative magnetorheological effect of silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastic body is higher than that of natural rubber based magnetorheological elastic body; with the increase of shape variable, the relative magnetorheological effect of the two kinds of elastomer tends to decrease. (4) from three aspects of working mode selection, material selection and magnetic circuit analysis, the shear silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastomer shock absorber is designed and prepared, and the performance of the shock absorber is tested by electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine. The test results show that the output force of MRE shock absorber with large loading amplitude is small under the same displacement: the loading frequency has little effect on the mechanical properties of MRE shock absorber; under the condition of loading frequency 0.5HZ and amplitude 1mm, the equivalent stiffness of MRE shock absorber increases by 128.2%, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio does not change with current. (5) the passive control structure based on MRE shock absorber and three semi-active control structures based on PD control, LQR control and fuzzy control are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the four control structures have good control effect on displacement response and acceleration response, and the control effect on displacement response is better than that on acceleration response. Under different seismic waves, the control effect of the four control structures on the peak value of structural response has no obvious regularity, but the control effect on root mean square value of response has obvious regularity. For the root mean square value of displacement, the control effect of LQR control is the best, then passive control is the second, then fuzzy control, PD control is the worst, for the root mean square value of acceleration, the control effect of PD control is the best, LQR control is the second, then fuzzy control, passive control has the worst control effect.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU352.1
本文编号：2502591
[Abstract]:Vibration control has been used in civil engineering for more than 40 years and has become one of the effective means to resist earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters. Semi-active control is one of the most potential control forms in vibration control. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, good control effect and low maintenance requirements. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new type of magnetorheological intelligent material. Its magnetron properties make it have a broad application prospect in the field of structural semi-active control. In this paper, the preparation and performance test of magnetorheological elastomer, the characteristics of shear magnetorheological elastomer shock absorber and the semi-active control of structure based on magnetorheological elastomer are studied and simulated. The main contents and research results of this paper are as follows: 1 from four aspects of raw materials, raw material ratio, experimental equipment and corresponding preparation technology, two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer with different matrix, silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastomer and natural rubber based magnetorheological elastomer, were prepared. 2. The magnetic field generator is designed and fabricated, and the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic field generator are tested. The test results show that the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generator reaches 0.654T when 2A current is loaded, which basically meets the design requirements. (3) based on the magnetic field generator, the compression performance test system of magnetorheological elastomer based on universal material testing machine is established, and the properties of two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer are tested. The test results show that the compression modulus of the two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer increases with the increase of current, but the increase is decreasing; when the current reaches 1.5A, the magnetoresistive modulus of the two kinds of elastomer is close to saturation; the relative magnetorheological effect of silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastic body is higher than that of natural rubber based magnetorheological elastic body; with the increase of shape variable, the relative magnetorheological effect of the two kinds of elastomer tends to decrease. (4) from three aspects of working mode selection, material selection and magnetic circuit analysis, the shear silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastomer shock absorber is designed and prepared, and the performance of the shock absorber is tested by electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine. The test results show that the output force of MRE shock absorber with large loading amplitude is small under the same displacement: the loading frequency has little effect on the mechanical properties of MRE shock absorber; under the condition of loading frequency 0.5HZ and amplitude 1mm, the equivalent stiffness of MRE shock absorber increases by 128.2%, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio does not change with current. (5) the passive control structure based on MRE shock absorber and three semi-active control structures based on PD control, LQR control and fuzzy control are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the four control structures have good control effect on displacement response and acceleration response, and the control effect on displacement response is better than that on acceleration response. Under different seismic waves, the control effect of the four control structures on the peak value of structural response has no obvious regularity, but the control effect on root mean square value of response has obvious regularity. For the root mean square value of displacement, the control effect of LQR control is the best, then passive control is the second, then fuzzy control, PD control is the worst, for the root mean square value of acceleration, the control effect of PD control is the best, LQR control is the second, then fuzzy control, passive control has the worst control effect.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU352.1
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