基于低能耗目标的严寒地区体育馆建筑设计研究

发布时间：2019-06-20 22:40

【摘要】：中国严寒地区漫长而寒冷的冬季气候，使得建筑能耗比其他地区高出很多，根据相关调查可知该地区建筑能耗占据全部能耗的一半以上。体育馆建筑能耗更是由于其巨大的建筑体量与严格的室内环境要求，而成为建筑能耗大户。在可持续绿色建筑设计愈发受到关注的当今世界，为减少体育馆建筑对自然环境与能源造成的负面影响，基于低能耗的体育馆建筑设计是一种切实可行的设计方法，在体育馆设计时，应使各建筑设计要素最大限度地与当地气候条件相适应。在优化体育馆建筑室内环境品质的同时，关注自然环境与可持续发展设计，以返璞归真的设计思路推动体育馆建筑设计的发展，并达到建筑节能的目的。本文通过理论分析、计算机模拟和建筑实测等方法，对基于低能耗的严寒地区体育馆建筑设计进行研究，试图建立并完善体育馆建筑低能耗设计研究的理论框架，进一步深化我国在体育建筑设计领域和绿色节能方面的理论研究，为严寒地区体育馆建筑设计提供理论依据。通过本文对严寒地区体育馆建筑设计的研究，可以对我国严寒地区体育馆建筑的设计、建设及管理、使用进行具体的指导，提高体育馆建筑的使用效率，减少能源消耗，增强综合效应。更好地满足使用者的要求，延长使用寿命。有助于拓宽我国体育馆建筑创作的思路，并使原有严寒地区建筑设计思想、原则、方法得到发展。首先，针对本论文需要进行论述的内容进行概念及理论解析。第一，严寒地区体育馆低能耗设计的系统构成，主要为热环境下的适温设计、光环境下的适光设计、风环境下的适风设计与多环境下的耦合设计。第二，分析了体育馆特征对建筑低能耗设计的影响，主要有三个方面：比赛空间的尺度巨大，室内环境的需求严格以及使用模式的功能多样。第三研究了体育馆低能耗的建筑设计变量。依据气候条件、周边环境及体育馆自身功能、室内环境需求对体育馆建筑设计变量产生影响的范围与效果，将体育馆低能耗的建筑设计变量划分为三个层面，即：宏观层面，中观层面，微观层面。最后研究了严寒地区体育馆建筑低能耗设计特性的四个方面：经济节能的合理性是其最直接且最首要的特性；健康适宜的科学性是其直接且次要的特性；功能组织的高效性与地域创作的真实性是间接特性。第二，研究了严寒地区体育馆热环境下的低能耗适温设计。通过对热环境适温设计研究基础的分析，即体育馆室内热环境要求、体育馆热环境的冷热负荷影响因素及体育馆热环境的建筑设计变量研究，挑选出了体育馆建筑低能耗适温设计的主要建筑设计变量。利用线性回归方法得出以体育馆最小建筑尺寸为因变量，观众人数为自变量的计算公式，用以在建筑设计初期便于建筑师快速进行体育馆建筑尺寸确定。通过计算机模拟及理论分析等方法，来进行各个建筑设计变量的可行域求解，并进一步建立包含5个影响因素，哈尔滨、漠河及西宁全部体育馆建筑级别的热能耗简化计算。最后根据以上的模拟计算及相关理论分析，得出严寒地区体育馆低能耗适温设计设计。第三，研究了严寒地区体育馆光环境下的低能耗适光设计。通过对光环境适光设计研究基础的分析，即体育馆室内光环境要求、体育馆光环境的照度与照度均匀度计算及体育馆光环境的建筑设计变量研究，挑选出了体育馆建筑低能耗适光设计的主要建筑设计变量。通过计算机模拟及理论分析等方法，进行各个建筑设计变量的可行域求解，并进一步建立包含4个影响因素，哈尔滨、漠河及西宁全部体育馆建筑级别的采光窗面积快速计算公式。最后根据以上的模拟计算及相关理论分析，得出严寒地区体育馆低能耗适光设计设计。第四，研究了严寒地区体育馆风环境下的低能耗适风设计。通过对风环境适风设计研究基础的分析，即体育馆室内风环境要求、体育馆风环境的自然通风计算和体育馆风环境的建筑设计变量研究，挑选出了体育馆建筑低能耗适风设计的主要建筑设计变量为：通风窗面积及通风窗位置。再利用模拟计算与理论分析得出了严寒地区体育馆低能耗适风设计下，各个建筑设计变量的可行域及低能耗适风设计设计。第五，研究了严寒地区体育馆多环境下的低能耗耦合设计。通过对多环境耦合设计研究基础的分析，严寒地区体育馆耦合建筑设计变量的分析，筛选出了耦合建筑设计变量。通过计算机模拟及理论分析等方法，计算出严寒地区三座城市哈尔滨、西宁与漠河，体育馆全年窗系统下的人工照明能耗、热能耗及二者总能耗。最后利用模拟计算对各个耦合建筑设计变量的研究结果，得出了严寒地区体育馆低能耗耦合设计下，各个建筑设计变量的可行域及低能耗耦合设计设计。
[Abstract]:The long and cold winter climate in the cold region of China makes the energy consumption of the building much higher than that of other regions. According to the relevant survey, the energy consumption of the building in the region is more than half of the total energy consumption. The energy consumption of the building of the gymnasium is due to its huge building mass and strict indoor environment requirements, and becomes the large energy consumption of the building. In today's world, which has become more and more concerned with the sustainable green building design, in order to reduce the negative effect of the building on the natural environment and the energy, the design of the gymnasium based on the low energy consumption is a practical design method, and in the design of the gym, Each building design element shall be adapted to the local climatic conditions to the maximum extent. At the same time of optimizing the indoor environment quality of the gymnasium, the design of the natural environment and the sustainable development is concerned, and the development of the building design of the gymnasium is promoted by the design thinking of returning to the real environment, and the purpose of building energy-saving is achieved. In this paper, by means of theoretical analysis, computer simulation and building measurement, this paper studies the design of the gymnasium in the severe cold area based on the low energy consumption, and tries to establish and perfect the theoretical frame of the low energy consumption design of the gymnasium. The paper further deepens the theoretical research of our country in the field of sports architecture design and the green energy-saving, and provides the theoretical basis for the design of the gymnasium in the severe cold area. According to the research on the design of the gymnasium in the severe cold area, the design, construction and management of the gymnasium in the severe cold area of China can be guided, the use efficiency of the building of the gym is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the comprehensive effect is enhanced. It shall be better to meet the requirements of the user and extend the service life. It is helpful to broaden the thinking of the construction and creation of the Gymnasium of China, and to make the thought, principle and method of architectural design in the original cold area. First, the content of this paper needs to be discussed in terms of concepts and principles. The paper analyses the design of low energy consumption in the first and the severe cold regions, which is mainly composed of the temperature and temperature in the hot environment, the light-fitting design under the light environment, the proper wind design under the wind environment, and the coupling in the multi-environment. The second part analyzes the influence of the characteristics of the gym on the design of the low energy consumption of the building. There are three main aspects: the large scale of the competition space, the strict demand of the indoor environment and the work of the mode of use. The third study of the construction of low energy consumption in the gym The design variables of the low energy consumption of the gymnasium are divided into three levels, namely, the macro-level, the medium-level and the micro-level, according to the climatic conditions, the surrounding environment and the function of the stadium itself, the indoor environment requirement and the influence on the building design variable of the gymnasium. At last, four aspects of the low energy consumption design of the gymnasium in the severe cold area are studied. The rationality of economic energy saving is the most direct and most important characteristic of the building. The scientific and proper scientific nature is its direct and secondary characteristics, and the high efficiency of the functional organization and the authenticity of the regional creation are between the two aspects. Second, study the low energy in the thermal environment of the gymnasium in the severe cold area. Based on the analysis of the temperature and temperature of the gymnasium, the influence factors of the hot and cold loads on the thermal environment of the gymnasium and the study of the design variables of the thermal environment of the gymnasium, the main construction of the low energy-consumption and temperature-appropriate design of the gymnasium is selected. The design variable is built. Using the linear regression method, the formula for calculating the minimum building size of the gymnasium as the dependent variable and the number of the audience as the independent variable is obtained, which is used to facilitate the rapid construction of the gymnasium in the early stage of the building design. The construction size is determined. Through computer simulation and theoretical analysis, the feasible domain solution of each building design variable is carried out, and the thermal energy of the building level of all the Gymnasium of Harbin, Mohe and Xining is further established. The calculation of consumption is simplified. Finally, based on the above simulation and the relevant theoretical analysis, the low energy consumption of the gymnasium in the severe cold area is obtained. The third part is to study the light environment of the gymnasium in the severe cold area. Based on the analysis of the light environment and the light environment, the illuminance and the illuminance uniformity of the light environment of the gymnasium and the study of the design variables of the light environment of the gymnasium, the author selected the main design of low energy consumption of the gymnasium. In order to design variables, the feasible domain solution of each building design variable is carried out by computer simulation and theoretical analysis, and four influencing factors are further established, and the lighting window surface at the building level of all the Gymnasium of Harbin, Mohe and Xining is further established. Finally, based on the above simulation and the relevant theoretical analysis, the low energy of the gymnasium in the severe cold area is obtained. In the fourth part, the wind environment of the gymnasium in the severe cold area is studied. Based on the analysis of the wind environment and the wind environment, the natural ventilation calculation of the wind environment of the gym and the study of the design variables of the wind environment of the gymnasium, the design of the low energy consumption of the gymnasium is selected. The main building design variables are: ventilation The area of the window and the position of the ventilation window are obtained. The feasible domain of each design variable is obtained by using the simulation calculation and the theoretical analysis in the design of low energy consumption and proper wind of the gymnasium in the severe cold area. The design and design of low energy consumption and proper wind. The low-energy-energy coupling design in the environment. Based on the analysis of the multi-environment coupling design, the analysis of the coupling design variable of the gymnasium in the severe cold area, the screen The coupling building design variable is selected. The artificial lighting energy of three cities, Harbin, Xining and Mohe, and the whole year window system of the cold area is calculated by computer simulation and theoretical analysis. The energy consumption, the heat energy consumption and the total energy consumption of the two buildings are analyzed. At last, the results of the study on the design variables of the coupled buildings are simulated and simulated, and the feasibility of the variable of the design variables is obtained in the design of low energy consumption coupling of the gymnasium in the severe cold area.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU245.2

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