建筑全生命周期碳排放计算与减排策略研究

发布时间：2019-07-05 15:09

【摘要】：目前，温室气体排放引起的全球变暖已经成为国际社会普遍关注的问题。建筑业的相关活动产生大量的温室气体，而温室气体的主要成分是二氧化碳(CO2)，约占到80%。随着我国建筑数量逐渐增多，在建造、使用等过程中都消耗了大量的能源也产生了大量的CO2，因此减少建筑碳排放量对我国节能减排工作有着重要的意义。因此，本文基于全生命周期评价理论(LCA)，将建筑全生命周期划分为规划设计、建材生产、建造施工、使用维护、拆除清理五个阶段，根据我国的实际情况和各阶段的特点确定建筑全生命周期的碳排放来源。通过大量的国内外文献查阅、数据的分析与演算，得到化石能源、电力、主要建材等碳排放因子。通过对各个阶段影响碳排放的数据进行分析，，建立包括主要建材种类和数量、机械类型和机械台班用量、使用阶段各种能源的消耗量等数据清单。在此基础上，利用排放系数法将清单数据与碳排放因子联系起来，构建了建筑全生命周期碳排放的计算模型。然后，在理论分析的基础上以石家庄市高华家园廉租住房住宅小区3#住宅楼为工程实例，运用碳排放计算模型，计算该住宅楼全生命周期各阶段的碳排放量及碳排放比例。最后，根据碳排放计算的结果针对建筑全生命周期五个阶段的碳排放情况提出碳减排对策，重点通过改变其保温层厚度和使用年限对比分析该建筑全生命周期的碳排放变化情况及减排率。研究构建的碳排放计算模型可直接应用于建筑全生命周期碳排放的定量计算，可以为大量建筑的碳排放估算提供依据。同时，碳排放减排策略的提出，为建筑工程项目的节能减排、低碳建筑的发展路径选择及政策的科学制定提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:At present, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions has become a common concern of the international community. The related activities of the construction industry produce a large amount of greenhouse gases, while the main components of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), accounting for about 80 per cent. With the increase of the number of buildings in our country, a great deal of energy is consumed in the construction, use and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the carbon emission of the building to the energy-saving and emission reduction of our country. Therefore, based on the whole life cycle evaluation theory (LCA), the whole life cycle of the building is divided into planning and design, building material production, construction and construction, maintenance and removal of five steps. According to the actual situation in China and the characteristics of each stage, the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building is determined. Source. Through a large number of domestic and foreign literature review and data analysis and calculation, the carbon emission of fossil energy, electric power and main building materials is obtained. Based on the analysis of the data affecting the carbon emission at each stage, the data including the types and quantity of main building materials, the mechanical type and the consumption of the mechanical table and the consumption of various energy sources during the use phase are established. On the basis of this, the emission coefficient method is used to link the inventory data with the carbon emission factor, and the calculation model of carbon emission in the whole life cycle of the building is constructed. Based on the theoretical analysis, the carbon emission and the carbon emission ratio in the whole life cycle of the residential building are calculated by using the carbon emission calculation model on the basis of the theoretical analysis. Examples. Finally, according to the results of the carbon emission calculation, the carbon emission reduction strategy is proposed for the carbon emission in the five stages of the whole life cycle of the building, and the change of the carbon emission and the emission reduction of the whole life cycle of the building are analyzed by changing the thickness of the insulation layer and the service life of the building. The carbon emission calculation model constructed by the study can be directly applied to the quantitative calculation of the carbon emission in the whole life cycle of the building, and can be used for estimating the carbon emission of a large number of buildings. On the basis of. At the same time, the proposal of the emission reduction strategy of carbon emission provides a basis for the energy-saving and emission-reduction of construction engineering projects, the development path selection of low-carbon buildings and the scientific development of policies.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X799.1;TU201.5

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