[银行个人贷款利率]商业银行个人信贷风险管理

  本文关键词：中国银行重庆市分行信贷风险控制研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

学号：14604040

文献综述和外文翻译

（ 2014届本科）

学院: 经济 管理 学院 专业：金 融 学 姓名：牛 薇 指导教师：于丽红 副教授

完成日期： 2014 年 03月20日

Commercial Bank Credit Risk inquiry

First, the causes of credit risk analysis

1. Internal: commercial banks, there are systemic deficiencies in

(1) credit risk control objectives are not clear. The lack of commercial bank credit risk and benefits of integrated management philosophy and credit risks and benefits of integrated management mechanism. Reflected in the credit management system, lack of clear authority and responsibility, incentive and restraint systems, when the

excitation is insufficient loan officers will choose to slack, but when the incentives are too easy to resort to criminal. At the same time, when the credit problems, often through the so-called credit

committee to assume responsibility for the system of collective responsibility, the result is that everyone responsible and not

everyone is responsible for making the responsibility of accountability impossible to proceed, resulting in the business development and risk control between the one-way choice, or one-sided pursuit of quality of credit assets, resulting in the continued shrinkage in credit business; or ignore the risks of credit assets, blindly loans non-performing loan ratio remains high.

(2) Credit risk system, poor implementation, there is a system become a mere formality issues. First, a survey conducted before credit risk control as the key link, the credit officer can not make in-depth

investigation, the report data for the enterprises to provide credible and easy to use. Second, after the tests as a credit risk control key links, relaxation of lending business is limited to the follow-up

management of post-loan management system to cope with the daily inspection requirements, can not truly reflect the actual situation of enterprises, resulting in loans to early-warning mechanisms do not work. Third, there is no established scientific risk control visual

indicator system of the enterprise's financial risk early warning

indicators and monitoring information system is too complex and not easy to operate.

(3) The breadth of the credit risk control is not enough. Over the years, the state-owned commercial banks lack the concept of the risk of overall control, ignoring the risks beforehand, to control things. Customer the choice of target at the right location, loan issuance,

post-loan management and loan liabilities there exist many weak links.

(4) Credit risk control efforts in the size of malpractice. In the use of economic levers, the loans given to certain incentives, clear

non-performing loans also rewarded income, resulting in higher loan volume, quality, the more worse then the rewards, but the better quality but less unusual incentive mechanism; the handsome of the credit assets has not been amply rewarded, should not be rewarded because of the credit assets received a large number of clear

non-performing loans which have been a real big bonus.

2. External factors: the business environment more risk factors, constraints intensity

(1) the objective existence of credit risk. Credit risk is the so-called government of credit under the guidance of the government, the banks issued to the government or companies associated with the government loans, as the Government in acts of banks face the risk of bad debts. It is based on the market emerge, the banks may not deal directly with the government credit relations, but the occurrence of credit risk are inextricably linked with the acts of the government.

(2) The consumer credit imperfect legal environment. China has yet to establish a comprehensive system of personal credit. And consumer loan related laws and is not sound. For dishonesty, breach of contract is not a specific method of punishment. To emerging problems are often at a loss, risk control difficult to implement.

(3) The enterprise's financial statements of distortion and group clients conspicuous problems related party transactions. Banks are currently experiencing great difficulty in the financial statements of the enterprise to provide true, makes the bank's assessment of the basic approach is invalid. In particular, the financial statements of listed companies is difficult to review, as listed companies are mostly part of the listing, a listed company's cash flow statement can not, because between them and the Group of significant related party transactions, while the group are often using a variety of financing channels to form a covering banking, securities, insurance, and listed the company's complex enterprise cluster. Diversified group of such cross-cutting operation, increased public, regulatory bodies,

intermediaries supervision more difficult. Once the issue broke out, increasing the risk of bank loans. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download

2, response measures of

1. Gradually establish a society-wide system of personal credit

Personal consultation to establish a scientific and effective system is the banks to control the premise of consumer credit risk guarantee. From the current reality, you can walk two steps: first, the bank was established within the bank's credit data of individual customers,

while accelerating the establishment of domestic financial institutions, exchange of information between systems; the second step, led by the central bank to establish a joint-stock personal credit information companies, joint financial institutions, political and legal sector, the labor administrative departments, enterprises and scientific research institutions, has collected more than personal income, credit,

criminal and other records to assess the personal credit rating, for the

award of financial institutions to provide consumer credit to

consumers creditworthiness.

2. Expediting the implementation of a floating loan interest rates The People's Bank should speed up the process of marketization of interest rates, floating rate of interest rates, loan rate and term arrangements, giving greater scope for commercial banks to better serve our customers better prevent risks.

3. To strengthen post-loan management, improve the whole process of the credit risk control

(1) specification post-loan management procedures and content.

Post-loan management, including loans or other credit accounts after the occurrence of supervision, loans, after inspection, the risk of early warning, loan risk classification, client maintenance, deal with problem loans, and loan recovery and summary evaluation. Took place to recover from the credit must establish a strict, standardized and Scientific Management procedures, clear content and

requirements of various sectors of administration, the establishment of evaluation systems to ensure a clear post-loan management procedures, content, specifications, requires a specific.

(2) a clear post-loan management responsibilities. Clear client departments, credit management, risk Asset Management

departments as well as legal, financial, auditing, monitoring and other related departments of the responsibility so that the various

departments has created a force, to avoid each other try to shift responsibilities. Rationalize the handling and management of line-line post-loan management relations, defining the respective

responsibilities, post-loan management work together do a good job.

(3) the establishment of sub-level post-loan management system.

According to credit limits, the level of risk management more difficult to determine directly manage client objects to the approval of key

customers, cross-regional groups, customers, systematic clients,

industry leading customers, Direct Marketing customers to build key management system. Management Line of credit risk management department manager should take full advantage of the People's Bank credit registration system and the Bank's credit management system, a comprehensive understanding and knowledge of customer

information; client departments should establish regular contact with key customers of the coordination mechanisms involved in on-site

inspection, organized and carried out post-loan managementContent .

(4) improve the risk early warning mechanism. Set up scientific and effective early warning signal of risk, standardized loan after the inspection frequency and content, forward-looking to find clients through risk early warning of potential risks and rapid response mechanisms at a higher level, less time to take the most appropriate and effective risk resolve the measures to fully protect the security of credit assets.

(5) the establishment of accountability mechanisms. 'Violators are held accountable' in order to ensure that 'there are rules that must be followed'. Post-loan management functions and formal reason for this is unclear in many hold them ineffective. To all persons responsible for post-loan management by setting the 'power lines', after the

failure to comply with loan-to-business management responsibilities, the credit risk of assets at risk or there can not be timely must be held to resolve the loss caused by its corresponding responsibilities.

4. On the Group's customer credit risk prevention should be

multi-party interaction, measures time, from the source, processes and hardware construction of the Group's customers an integrated management

(1) the sources of corruption. Improve the Group's customer

management system, to collect comprehensive and accurate customer

information, sorted out within the associated group customers, in order to accurately determine the Group's customers and determine the credit to provide information support. From the customer's

corporate governance structure, financial systems, operating results, industry development, and so a comprehensive evaluation of the property rights and sound corporate governance structure, strict management and standard quality customers into the credit field of vision.

(2) grasping process. Will oversee the management of the credit business throughout the entire process, and change playback light tubes, light before heavy loan-to-point post-loan management as a try before and after the whole-process Management Model. Strengthen the Group's client's financial information collection and monitoring of financial activities, the use of the customer's key financial control within the field of vision.

(3) grasping the hardware. Commercial banks should further improve the electronic construction of a comprehensive summary of customer information as soon as possible to achieve system-wide sharing of customer information, the upper and lower linkage of the

three-dimensional, integrated management. Through electronic construction, will be the early stage of system-wide credit business survey, review review, review for approval, loans, post-loan

management, business analysis, file management and other sectors into the standardized procedures to achieve full credit business operations processes electronic control, to overcome the or reduce the credit business in the information asymmetry

  本文关键词：中国银行重庆市分行信贷风险控制研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。