IPv6快速部署的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-07-26 19:57

【摘要】：作为构成现今互联网技术基石的IPv4协议得到了广泛应用，然而由于IPv4具有有限的地址空间、路由选择效率低、服务质量差以及安全性不够等缺陷，使得未来网络的发展受到了严重制约。随着IPv6的发展，凭借其优越的性能终将占据IPv4基石的地位。但由于运营商的骨干网仍以IPv4为主，人们无法接受网络的暂停，因此需要一种方案在短时间低成本的情况下在现有的IPv4网络架构上实现IPv6站点之间的互通。IPv6快速部署(IPv6Rapid Deployment，6RD)就是这样一种方案。本文首先介绍了IPv6的重要性，其次针对零散的IPv6网络间通信研究了实现从IPv4到IPv6的过渡最常见三种技术（双栈技术、翻译技术和隧道技术），分析了这三种技术的优缺点，进而展开对6RD自动隧道技术的设计与实现的研究，具体的研究内容及主要工作如下：（1）在研究6RD自动隧道技术原理的基础上，通过采用vxWorks嵌入式操作系统作为开发的系统环境，以武汉烽火网络有限责任公司的高端路由器作为开发平台，Wind River公司提供的Tornado作为开发环境，对6RD隧道进行了详细的研究，重点分析了6RD目的地址映射算法、隧道的封装、自动隧道的特性。（2）在自动隧道实现过程中，本文通过将符合目的地址为隧道接口的静态路由数据流送cpu处理，给每条不同数据流动态生成相应的路由表项，软件计算隧道的目的地址，在芯片不支持6RD自动隧道的情况下实现了6RD自动隧道。并通过内核调用GTF定时器，定时监控IPv6三层路由表项是否有相应的数据流通过，如果没有流通过则删除动态生成的路由表项，实现6RD隧道路由的老化。（3）设计了基于vxWorks操作系统的6RD总体方案及软硬件的实现环境。在总体方案基础上完成了数据结构的设计和软件模块化的设计，编写6RD程序，并运行调试。其软件模块化设计可以分为初始化模块、收发包模块、路由管理模块以及配置模块。初始化模块对内存进行了分配，，hook函数的注册等；收发包模块设计与实现部分给出了具体的收发包处理过程；路由管理模块设计与实现部分给出了6RD隧道动态路由添加与老化过程的实现，配置模块设计与实现部分列出了相应的命令行及其功能的实现。（4）最后设计测试方案，并搭建测试平台对其功能及性能进行测试和验证。功能测试内容包括IPv6前缀代理及域内地址检查功能测试、设备间基本通信测试、同时支持IPv4和IPv6的基础业务和应用测试。性能测试包括吞吐量测试、转发延测试和过载丢包率测试。测试结果满足设计要求。
[Abstract]:As the cornerstone of Internet technology, IPv4 protocol has been widely used. However, because IPv4 has limited address space, routing efficiency is low, quality of service is poor, and security is not enough. So that the development of the future network has been severely restricted. With the development of IPv6, its superior performance will eventually occupy the status of the cornerstone of IPv4. However, because the backbone network of operators is still dominated by IPv4, people cannot accept the suspension of the network. Therefore, a solution is needed to implement the interworking between IPv6 sites on the existing IPv4 network architecture in a short time and low cost. The IPv6Rapid deployment 6RD is one such scheme. This paper first introduces the importance of IPv6, then studies the three most common technologies (double stack technology, translation technology and tunnel technology) to realize the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these three technologies. Then the research on the design and implementation of 6RD automatic tunnel technology is carried out. The specific research contents and main work are as follows: (1) on the basis of studying the principle of 6RD automatic tunnel technology, By adopting the vxWorks embedded operating system as the system environment, taking the high-end router of Wuhan Fiberhome Network Co., Ltd as the development platform and the Tornado provided by Wind River as the development environment, the paper makes a detailed study on the 6RD tunnel. This paper mainly analyzes the 6RD destination address mapping algorithm, the encapsulation of the tunnel, and the characteristics of the automatic tunnel. (2) in the implementation of the automatic tunnel, the static routing data stream which conforms to the destination address as the tunnel interface is sent to cpu for processing. The routing table items are dynamically generated for each different data stream, and the destination address of the tunnel is calculated by the software. The 6RD automatic tunnel is realized when the chip does not support the 6RD automatic tunnel. The GTF timer is called by the kernel to monitor whether there is a corresponding data flow through the IPv6 three-layer routing table items, and if there is no flow through, the dynamically generated routing table items are deleted. The aging of 6RD tunnel routing is realized. (3) the overall scheme of 6RD based on vxWorks operating system and the implementation environment of hardware and software are designed. On the basis of the overall scheme, the data structure design and the software modularization design are completed, the 6RD program is written, and the debugging is run. Its software modularization design can be divided into initialization module, sending and receiving packet module, routing management module and configuration module. The initialization module registers the memory allocation hook function, and the design and implementation of the transceiver packet module give the process of receiving and sending packets. The design and implementation of the routing management module gives the implementation of the dynamic routing adding and aging process of the 6RD tunnel. The configuration module design and implementation part lists the corresponding command line and the implementation of its functions. (4) finally, the test scheme is designed. And build a test platform to test and verify its function and performance. Functional testing includes IPv6 prefix agent and intra-domain address checking function testing, basic communication test between devices, and basic business and application testing supporting IPv4 and IPv6. Performance tests include throughput testing, forwarding testing, and overload packet loss testing. The test results meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP393.04

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