基于HTTP的可靠性测试脚本生成的研究与实现

发布时间：2019-03-17 10:05

【摘要】：随着信息技术的发展,Web应用已渗入到生活的各个领域,政府、公司、消费者等也越来越依赖互联网。因此,确保Web应用的可靠性也变得愈加关键。软件测试是评估并提高Web应用可靠性中极为重要的阶段。手工测试方式耗费较多的人力和时间等资源,效果却并不理想,所以自动化测试技术应运而生。测试用例的生成部分是自动化测试中最关键的环节之一。本文主要研究针对Web应用的可靠性测试的自动化测试脚本的生成方法。根据待测Web应用是否存在足够且有效的访问日志,本文基于录制原理和日志分析原理分别实现了两种测试用例的生成方法,研究成果如下:1)实现了一个Chrome浏览器的扩展。它可以录制Chrome浏览器发出的HTTP/HTTPs请求,并具有配置录制参数、识别动态参数、编辑脚本、下载脚本等功能。2)定义了针对Web应用的马尔科夫链模型。其中包括对马尔科夫链中状态的定义、转移关系的定义以及转移概率的定义。3)提出了判定测试充分性的算法。该算法计算待测Web应用的使用环境和测试环境的差异值,以此来判定测试的充分性或决定测试用例生成过程的结束条件。经实验验证,基于录制原理的Chrome扩展和基于日志分析原理的测试用例生成模块都达到了其功能要求;本文提出的测试充分性判定算法比欧几里得算法更加高效。
[Abstract]:With the development of information technology, the application of Web has infiltrated into every field of life. The government, company, consumer and so on are also more and more dependent on the Internet. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of Web applications has become more and more critical. Software testing is a very important stage in evaluating and improving the reliability of Web applications. Manual testing methods consume a lot of manpower and time resources, but the effect is not ideal, so automated testing technology emerges as the times require. The generation of test cases is one of the key links in automated testing. This paper focuses on the generation of automated test scripts for reliability testing of Web applications. According to the existence of sufficient and effective access logs for Web applications, this paper implements two test case generation methods based on recording principle and log analysis principle, respectively. The research results are as follows: 1) an extension of Chrome browser is implemented. It can record HTTP/HTTPs requests made by Chrome browser, and has the functions of configuring recording parameters, identifying dynamic parameters, editing scripts, downloading scripts and so on. 2) defined Markov chain model for Web applications. It includes the definition of the state in Markov chain, the definition of transition relation and the definition of transition probability. 3) an algorithm to determine the adequacy of test is proposed. The algorithm calculates the difference between the usage environment and the test environment of the Web application to be tested so as to determine the adequacy of the test or to determine the end condition of the test case generation process. The experimental results show that both the Chrome extension based on recording principle and the test case generation module based on log analysis theory meet the functional requirements; the proposed algorithm is more efficient than Euclidean algorithm in determining test adequacy.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP311.53;TP393.09

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