袁枚与张问陶诗论比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 04:12

本文关键词：袁枚与张问陶诗论比较研究　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是对清代性灵派集大成者袁枚及后期殿军张问陶诗论的比较研究。本文从诗论比较这一特定角度出发,旨在比较袁、张二人论诗的异同及表现,而不求巨细无遗的罗列袁、张诗论的种种观点,也不会如某些传统研究那样过度着眼于个别概念、术语的分析。作为性灵派诗论的集大成者,袁枚在诗歌创作、语言、风格等方面都突破了当时乾嘉诗坛的藩篱。作为性灵派后期代表,张问陶博观约取,既吸收了袁枚诗论中的精髓,又有自己的独到见解而自成一家。本文由“诗歌本质论比较”、“诗歌创作论比较”、“诗歌风格论比较”、“诗歌批评鉴赏论比较”、“袁、张诗论异同原因”五部分组成。第一章主要比较袁、张对诗歌本质的异同看法。作为性灵派的代表,追求诗歌的生命律动成为诗人的首要标准,故袁、张都将生命的感动,即“真情”看做诗歌的本质。但作为一个经历宦海沉浮、游历大千世界的诗人张问陶来说,他从生活阅历出发,重情之真的同时,兼重情之善、美。第二章从诗歌创作论比较袁、张的异同。对于诗歌创作,袁、张主要的相同之处在于都辩证的看待创作中天分与学力、仿古与著我的关系,他们都注重创作者对于诗歌的敏锐力及掌控力,同时又注重后天不断地积累。对于“古”与“我”的关系,他们都既强调要汲取古人的智慧,又重视个人创新在诗歌中的显现。除此之外,他们还强调诗歌创作中的灵感问题,对于语言表现,则都倾向于使用平淡之语,但要提炼、润色,达到“丰神”的效果。诗歌创作表现的情感要有力度,要有感发人心的力量,必须要有某种物质充盈期间,对于这种物质,袁枚认为这种物质是“才”,张问陶则认为这种物质是“气”,这就是他们对于诗歌创作主张的不同之处。第三章主要从诗歌风格方面来比较袁、张二人的异同。戒偏意识是袁张二人都竭力主张的。除此,他们的主体风格又呈现出不同的面貌,袁枚主要是灵动活脱,张问陶则是沉郁空灵。第四章阐述袁、张在诗歌批评鉴赏上的异同。对于诗歌鉴赏,袁、张都主张以“味”论诗,但对于诗品与人品的关系,袁枚认为“《国风》之好,究与人品无干”。张问陶《诗草》中有大量的评论诗人其人及诗的诗,这些诗都兼重诗品与人品的关系。在对杜甫诗歌的评价中,袁枚表现出明确的褒贬态度,他既主张学习杜甫“多师是吾诗”的创作态度,又批判杜诗“习气太重”,以及杜诗太讲究格律而有“木”的特征。与袁枚相反,纵观整部《诗草》,张问陶不仅有些诗句是直接化用杜甫诗句而来,更有二十多首诗或谈论其人或评论其诗,在艺术表现手法、诗歌内容题材及创作主张上都暗合对杜诗的认同,这也是张问陶诗歌风格偏向沉郁空灵的原因之一。第五章主要从诗坛格局、人生经历,以及地域环境等方面来阐述袁、张诗论异同的原因。
[Abstract]:This paper is a comparative study of the poetry theory of Yuan Mei and Zhang Wentao of the Qing Dynasty. The purpose of this paper is to compare the similarities and differences of Yuan and Zhang's poems from the perspective of poetic comparison. However, the views of Yuan and Zhang, who do not seek to be large and detailed, will not focus too much on the analysis of individual concepts and terms as some traditional studies have done. As the epitome of the poetic theory of the Ghost School, Yuan Mei is in the creation of poetry. The language, style and other aspects of the Qianjia poetry broke through the fence. As a later representative of the spirit school, Zhang asked Tao Boguan, both absorbed the essence of Yuan Mei's poetic theory. This article is composed of "comparison of poetic essence", "comparison of poetic creation", "comparison of poetic style", "comparison of poetic criticism and appreciation", "Yuan". The first chapter mainly compares Yuan, Zhang's views on the essence of poetry. As the representative of the spiritual school, pursuing the life rhythm of poetry becomes the primary standard of the poet. Zhang du regards the moving of life, that is, "true feelings" as the essence of poetry. But as a poet who experienced the ups and downs of the official sea and traveled around the world, Zhang Wentao, a poet, set out from his life experience and paid more attention to love at the same time. The second chapter compares the similarities and differences of Yuan and Zhang from the theory of poetry creation. For poetry creation, Yuan and Zhang have the main similarities and differences in the dialectical view of the relationship between talent and learning in creation, imitation of the ancient times and my works. They all pay attention to the acumen and control of poetry by creators, and at the same time they also pay attention to the accumulation of the day after tomorrow. For the relationship between "ancient" and "I", they both emphasize the wisdom of the ancients. In addition, they also emphasize the inspiration in poetry creation. For language performance, they tend to use plain language, but to refine, touch. In order to achieve the effect of "abundant spirit", the emotion of poetry creation should be strong, the force of feeling and inspiring must exist, and there must be some material filling period. For this material, Yuan Mei thinks this material is "talent". Zhang Wentao thinks this kind of material is "Qi", which is the difference of their opinions on poetry creation. The third chapter mainly compares Yuan from the aspect of poetic style. Zhang Erren's similarities and differences. The consciousness of abstinence was advocated by both Yuan and Zhang. In addition to this, their main style showed different features, Yuan Mei was mainly intelligent and active, Zhang Wentao was depressed and empty. Chapter 4th elaborated Yuan. For the appreciation of poetry, Yuan and Zhang both advocate "taste" for poetry, but for the relationship between poetic quality and personality, Yuan Mei thinks that "the style of the country" is good. There are a large number of comments on poets and poems, which both emphasize the relationship between poetry and character. In the evaluation of du Fu's poems, Yuan Mei shows a clear attitude of praise and disparagement. He not only advocates to study du Fu's creative attitude of "more teachers are my poems", but also criticizes du's poems as "too heavy in habit", as well as "wood" characteristics in du's poems. In contrast to Yuan Mei, he takes a general view of the whole poem grass. Zhang Wentao not only uses du Fu's poems directly, but also has more than 20 poems or talks about them or comments on them. He agrees with du's poems in artistic expression, poetry content and creative ideas. This is one of the reasons why Zhang Wentao's poetic style tends to be gloomy and empty. Chapter 5th mainly explains the similarities and differences between Yuan and Zhang's poetry from the aspects of poetic structure, life experience, and regional environment.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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