祭祷、卜筮、祀神与招魂—仪式与楚辞

发布时间：2018-04-09 22:03

本文选题：楚辞　切入点：巫卜祭祀　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《楚辞》的文论批评从汉代的“以经解骚”到渐渐重视其未被儒家经典化之前的本来面目,对其民俗、巫术和祭祀仪式的探讨早在汪瑗和戴震等明清学者时就开始了;民国时期学者如梁启超、闻一多等先生开始非常自觉地运用西方知识,帮助解释楚辞,同时注重传统的文字训诂与文献考证;建国后的姜亮夫、汤炳正等先生的楚辞注解也都带有人类学、民俗学的色彩;至于对楚辞巫术祭祀仪式的探讨,则从20世纪开始在海内外都积攒了一些研究成果。本文以《楚辞》中屈原所作的诗歌为主要研究对象,分析其诗歌创作的巫文化背景,着重探讨其中《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》以及《招魂》的诗歌结构内容和传世文献以及楚地墓葬出土的简帛文献中所记载的祭祷、卜筮、祀神和招魂仪式的一致性,并进一步考察诗歌仪式表现背后所蕴含的巫术集体信仰,和诗人屈原在战国时代作为个体知识分子的理性精神。全文总共包含三个部分:第一部分是绪论,绪论中梳理了从汉代以来的楚辞学相关研究成果,重点选取了从汉代以来的各个时代中流传较广、影响较大的文本。也对国外尤其是日本的楚辞巫系仪式相关研究作了介绍,并且交代了国内近年的楚辞仪式和原型研究的相关现状。第二部分是正文,共有三章。第一章交代《楚辞》的编纂、汉代流传情况以及可以追溯到殷商巫觋政治时代的巫术祭祀传统,并对春秋战国时期楚文化与中原文化的交往和作者屈原所处的时代做了介绍;第二章主要是借鉴前人学者楚辞仪式研究成果,并将《楚辞》诗歌内容细节与楚地出土的简帛文献与一些民俗人类学材料作比照,分析二者结构内容上的同一性,补正其中夜祷、连贞等被忽略的仪式细则;第三章集中阐释楚辞所见仪式背后作为早期社会共通文化记忆的巫术思想与魂魄观念,探讨《楚辞》中诗人“灵魂远游”情节意象的渊源。第三部分是结语,简要概括了文章的内容,总结了全文的观点。通过对《楚辞》中仪式的探讨,从仪式程式的角度理解《楚辞》的文体结构,挖掘楚辞诗歌中思想的多元性。
[Abstract]:The literary criticism of "Chu ci" from "understanding the classics" in the Han Dynasty to gradually attaching importance to its original appearance before the Confucian canonization, the discussion of its folklore, witchcraft and sacrificial ceremony began as early as Wang Yuan and Dai Zhen and other scholars in Ming and Qing dynasties.During the period of the Republic of China, scholars such as Liang Qichao and Wen Yiduo began to use Western knowledge very consciously to help explain Chu ci, while paying attention to the traditional textual exegesis and textual research.Tang Bingzheng's notes on Chu ci are also full of anthropology and folklore. As for the discussion of the ritual of worship of witchcraft in Chu ci, some research achievements have been accumulated at home and abroad since the 20th century.This paper takes the poems written by qu Yuan in Chu ci as the main research object, and analyzes the background of witchcraft culture in his poetry creation.Focusing on discussing the consistency of prayer, divination, worship and evoking rituals recorded in the poems of "Li Sao", "Heaven question", "Nine songs" and "Soul", as well as the historical documents and the documents of bamboo and silk unearthed in the tomb of Chu.Furthermore, the collective belief in witchcraft and the rational spirit of the poet qu Yuan as an individual intellectual in the warring States period were further investigated.The thesis consists of three parts: the first part is the introduction, the introduction combs the research results of Chu ci science since the Han Dynasty, and focuses on the text which has been widely spread and has a great influence since the Han Dynasty.It also introduces the related studies of Chuci Witchcraft system in foreign countries, especially in Japan, and explains the current situation of the research on Chu ci rituals and archetypes in China in recent years.The second part is the text, there are three chapters.The first chapter explains the compilation of Chu ci, the spreading situation of Han Dynasty and the tradition of worship of witchcraft, which can be traced back to the political age of Yin and Shang sorcerers, and introduces the communication between Chu culture and the culture of Central Plains in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, as well as the times in which qu Yuan is located.The second chapter is to draw lessons from the achievements of the previous scholars in the ritual research of Chu ci, and compare the content details of the poems with the bamboo and silk documents unearthed in Chu and some folk anthropology materials to analyze the identity of the two structural contents.The third chapter focuses on explaining the witchcraft thought and soul idea which is regarded as the common cultural memory of the early society behind the ceremony seen in Chu ci.This paper probes into the origin of the plot image of the poet's "Soul far Tour" in Chu ci.The third part is the conclusion, briefly summarizes the content of the article, summed up the views of the full text.Through the discussion of ritual in Chu ci, the stylistic structure of Chu ci is understood from the perspective of ritual formula, and the diversity of thought in Chu ci poetry is explored.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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