宋词长度演变探析

发布时间：2018-04-17 14:57

本文选题：宋词 + 长度　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在各种宋词选本中可以发现,北宋初的词多为小令,而南宋末的词多为长调。由此猜想宋词的长度有一个逐渐演变的过程。通过对《全宋词》中20647首词进行的定量分析,可以看出,宋词在发展的过程中,其长度经历了一个由短到长的过程。主要表现在两方面,一是宋词的字数逐渐变多;二是宋词中的小令逐渐减少,中调、长调逐渐增多。产生这一现象的原因有多种。首先是音乐原因,宋词是一种音乐性很强的文体,宋代的词坛的主流观点认为词需“合乐可歌”,但在现实发展的过程中,词出现了脱离音乐的趋势。“合乐”的这一路,经过周邦彦、姜夔、吴文英、张炎、周密等人的传承与发展,越写越雅,而雅词在音乐节奏上需要舒缓,在内容上需要思索安排,故“合乐”这一路发展的结果使得宋词长度延长;“不合乐”的一路,更重视词的内容表达,为了表达更丰富的内容,这一路的词人多选取长调,加上不少词人选取某一擅长的中、长调词牌,一次性写数十首词,直接导致长调的增多。在词学观方面,宋代的词学观经历了“词为小道、词为艳体、诗庄词媚”到“以诗为词”、“以文为词”再到“求雅”的转变,宋词的地位一步步提升,人们的普遍重视,使得宋词的艺术、内容更为丰富,促进了宋词长度的增加。在词人创作实践上,柳永大力创作慢词长调、苏轼“以诗为词”、周邦彦、姜夔对词的极力雅化,再到辛弃疾的“以文为词”,诸位词人用自身创作实践一步一步开拓着长调的天地。宋词长度演变有着深远的意义。在内容上让宋词表征的宋代文化更加丰富,宋词在发展的过程中,其内容不断丰富,越来越多的人、事、情被写入词中,从一定程度上看,宋词成为了承载宋代文化的一大载体。虽说有不少小令也传递出一定的文化内涵,但小令由于篇幅短,注重描绘局部气氛和简单情感,随着宋词字数的增加和使用长调的增多,宋词中所表征的宋代文化更为丰富具体,从词中即可窥探宋代的文化风貌和宋人的生活现状。其节序文化、礼仪文化、花卉文化和宴饮文化在长调中有着更生动的表现。在艺术上让宋词的艺术手法更高超,由于宋词长度增加,篇幅扩大,在时空上,从小令中的简单跳跃发展到中长调中的多次跳跃,在雅派词人那里甚至出现了“意识流”跳跃;宋词长度的增加,使得词中对于人物的描写更为细腻,不再局限于小令的管窥,而是对人物的外貌、神态、语言、动作、心理均有细致的描绘;在情感表达上,正是因为宋词长度的增加,使得情感表现手法越来越高超,从最简单的“直抒胸臆”到“融情于景、借景抒情”再到“依情布景、遥有寄托”。
[Abstract]:In all kinds of anthology of Song ci, it can be found that most of the words in the early Northern Song Dynasty are Xiao Ling, while the words in the last part of the Southern Song Dynasty are mostly in long tune.Therefore, it is assumed that the length of Song ci has a gradual evolution process.Through the quantitative analysis of 20647 words in the whole Song ci, we can see that the Song ci has experienced a process from short to long in the process of its development.There are two main aspects, one is that the number of words in Song ci has become more and more, the other is that the minor order in Song ci has gradually decreased, the middle tone and long tone have gradually increased.There are many reasons for this phenomenon.The first is music, Song ci is a very musical style. The mainstream view of ci in Song Dynasty is that ci should be sung in harmony with music, but in the process of realistic development, ci has a tendency to break away from music.Through the inheritance and development of Zhou Bangyan, Jiang Kui, Wu Wenying, Zhang Yan, and Zhou meticulous, "Hale" has become more and more elegant, while elegant words need to be relaxed in music rhythm and need to be thoughtfully arranged in content.As a result of the development of "Hale", the length of Song ci has been lengthened. In order to express more abundant content, more attention has been paid to the expression of the content of the ci. In order to express more abundant content, the people along the way have chosen a long tone.In addition, many ci-writers choose a certain good, long tone word card, write dozens of words at one time, directly leading to the increase of long tune.In terms of the concept of ci poetry, the view of ci in the Song Dynasty experienced the transformation of "ci as a path, ci as a beautiful style, poetry as a beautiful word", "taking a poem as a word", "taking a text as a word" and "seeking elegance". The position of Song ci rose step by step, and people attached great importance to it.Make Song ci art, content more rich, promoted the increase in the length of Song ci.In the practice of ci writing, Liu Yong made great efforts to create the long tune of slow ci, Su Shi "taking poetry as ci", Zhou Bangyan and Jiang Kui's vigorous refinement of ci, and then to Xin Qiji's "taking text as ci".You ci-writers with their own creative practice step by step to open up the world of long tune.The evolution of Song ci is of great significance.In terms of content, the Song Dynasty culture represented by the Song ci is more and more abundant. During the development of the Song ci, its content is constantly rich and more and more people, things and feelings are written into the ci, to a certain extent,Song ci has become a carrier of Song culture.Although many Xiao Ling also convey certain cultural connotations, due to its short space, Xiao Ling pays attention to describing local atmosphere and simple feelings. With the increase in the number of words in the Song Dynasty and the increase in the use of long tones,The culture of Song Dynasty represented in Song ci is richer and more concrete, from which we can find out the cultural features of Song Dynasty and the living conditions of Song people.Its festival order culture, etiquette culture, flower culture and banquet culture have more vivid expression in long tune.In art, let the artistic technique of Song ci be higher than before. Due to the increase in the length and length of Song ci, in time and space, the simple jump from Ling to many jumps in the medium and long tune, and even the "stream of consciousness" jump appeared in the elegant ci poetry;The increase in the length of the Song ci has made the description of the characters more delicate, no longer confined to the peeping of Xiao Ling, but a detailed description of the appearance, manner, language, action and psychology of the characters; in terms of emotional expression,It is precisely because of the increase in the length of Song ci that the emotional expression techniques become more and more superb, from the simplest "express one's feelings directly" to "melt feelings in the scene, borrow the scene lyric" to "according to the situation set, there is distant sustenance".
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.23

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