扎西班典创作风格研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:23

本文选题：扎西班典 + 创作风格　；参考：《中央民族大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来的新时期藏族文学(自1978年至今),经历了三十年的发展历程,这一时期是藏族文学发展的黄金时期,继端智加开始的新时期母语文学创作队伍不断发展壮大,在藏族文坛上掀起了一股母语创作热潮,硕果累累。得益于改革开放深入推进,受到西方现当代文学理论和各种文学流派的作品的影响,作家和广大读者开阔了理论视野。在学习和借鉴国内外各民族文学发展的历史经验,以及多种文化的交流、碰撞、吸收和借鉴的基础上,对本民族文学发展的现状进行了自我审视(比较和反思)。面对世界文学的发展历史和现状时看到了差距的当代藏族作家们仍然不断呐喊、苦苦地思索和大胆地创新。在学习、借鉴和吸收国内外现当代文学理论精华及其创作方法的基础上,以反映现实生活,塑造新时期藏族人物为主导思想,创作了大量的具有时代气息和民族特色的文学作品,在这样的一个历史背景下,扎西班典成为一时名声大噪的卫藏地区的作家,并先后有不少小说、散文、杂文等作品问世,有利地促进了藏族文学的发展。文学评论家斗拉加、南色、完玛措等人对他的文学作品进行过评论,本人在论文中也有所赘述。另外还有文学评论家王于泉对其部分著作进行过评论,但对于其所有的著作并没有全面的分析评述,尤其是没有指出作者创作风格的独到之处。对于一个作者而言创作风格不是一日促成的,而是随着其生活阅历的增加逐渐积累起来的。通过研究扎西班典先生的创作风格有益于我对他本人的有更深入的了解,而且对于激发那些有文学创作热诚的文艺青年相继投身文学创作事业进而形成自己独特的创作风格也是有一定的好处。所以本人在这篇论文的撰写过程中搜集扎西班典先生的自1983年起创作的小说、散文、杂文等共70多篇,在仔细研读他的作品之后认为其独特创作风格可以具体通过其作品的思想特点、艺术特点和创作风格成因等三个方面进行论述。首先,第一部分是对扎西班典作品的思想内容特点的分析。主要由社会底层人物、底层社会、文学思想和文学观点等构成。首先,对于人物的分析是通过其小说中的人物的分析和总结,具体可以分为朴素正直的男性人物和社会底层的女性人物两节。作者的大多数小说都是使用批判现主义方法创作,所以侧重于描述真实人物的喜怒哀乐等生活情感和悲喜状态。小说中的人物大多数以卫藏地区的农民为主,虽然他的散文中的人物没有小说中人物那般活灵活现。但是通过对人物介绍和社会评论等手段表现对现实生活中的人的命运关怀是一样的。以“底层人物”作为本节题目是借鉴了扎西班典的《底层人物和读者》为题的一篇散文题目,而且这个题目也与他在小说、散文中构建的人物命运是相辅相成的。本节主体是“人”,但并不只是单纯指卫藏地区的某个个体的“人”,而是卫藏和多康地区,牧民和农民的生活状态的总和。其次,是对底层社会的描写,他的散文中揭示了底层社会在经过旧社会的压迫,文化大革命的创伤之后,在新时代发展自己语言文字中受挫的现实生活中的困境的真实写照,这是脱离了单个的人,转而走向社会群体的关怀。本节又可以分为底层语言文字、困境和思考等两个部分,主要描述了作者对于语言文字与文学、现代与传统、人性和教育等方面的考量。最后一部分阐释了文学观点或者文学思想,主要分析了作者成长过程中文学思想形成的因素,此外还指出作者的文学思想是受藏民族的朴素和知足、贾平凹的乡土情结和现实主义等思想和文化的影响,并说明以上这些是通过综合研读扎西班典著作和在采访他本人的过程中总结出来的。第二章是介绍扎西班典著作的艺术特点,对于一个文学作品而言,对其艺术鉴赏的重要性不亚于其思想的重要性。尤其是对于创作风格而言分析其作品的艺术特点是必不可少的。所以本章针对扎西班典作品的语言特点和叙事视角、独特的结构详细地论述了作品的艺术特点。其中第一部分是语言特点,他的作品中人物语言的标新立异之处是语言的方言化,以人物语言的方言化为主,对方言的考究和使用大量的民间谚语是其一大特色。本节从扎西班典在叙事时所使用的借用语和新闻式语言两个方面入手对其著作中的语言进行了总结。第二节是视角和叙事,总的来说,扎西班典的小说中一向运用全知视角,写作技巧方面善于叙述的优点弥补了描写的不足的。最后的第三节主要论述了独特的结构特点。扎西班典的中短篇小说和散文中最能引起读者的注意的是在文章开头和结尾使用的四行体,这些四行体分为前后对应型、总结概括型、抒情型,通过对这些四行体分析对文章结构组织方式进行了考究。第三章是成长与工作。从社会历史批评的角度看,任何作品都与其所处的种族、环境和时代有一定的关系。在作者的文章中可以明显地看出他受到了自己人生阅历,学习方式和社会生活等的影响。所以本章中就主要针对阐明作者的成长过程和职业生涯对形成其独特的创作风格的影响。因为孩童时代的记忆对之后的创作是有联系的,对于扎西班典而言,他自幼从自己的父母朴素和知足的身教已经融入自己的生活习惯当中,这种记忆已融入到了作品的字里行间。后来他因当了记者的缘故,对文学创作的各方面都产生了很大的影响。此外由于他的创作风格是他的人生历程中逐渐形成的,所以在对一个作家的创作风格进行研究时对作家本人的人生阅历的考究是很有必要的。
[Abstract]:The Tibetan Literature in the new period since the reform and opening up (since 1978) has experienced thirty years of development. This period was a golden period for the development of Tibetan literature. Under the influence of the western contemporary literary theory and the works of various literary genres, the writers and the readers open the theoretical horizon. On the basis of learning and drawing on the historical experience of the development of various ethnic literature at home and abroad, as well as the exchange, collision, absorption and reference of various cultures, the present situation of the development of the literature of the nation is advanced. In the face of the history and present situation of world literature, the contemporary Tibetan writers, who have seen the gap in the history and present situation of world literature, are still crying out, pondering and innovating boldly. On the basis of learning, drawing on and absorbing the essence of modern and contemporary literary theories and their creative methods, they reflect the real life and create a new time. The Tibetan characters are the dominant ideas and created a large number of literary works with the flavor of the times and national characteristics. Under such a historical background, Zahi has become a famous writer in the area of Wei Tibet, and many novels, essays and essays have been used to promote the development of Tibetan literature. I also have a comment on his literary works, such as Dou laga, South color, and so on. In addition, Wang Yuquan, a literary critic, commented on some of his works, but did not make a comprehensive analysis of all his works, especially the uniqueness of the author's writing style. The writing style of the author is not a day, but gradually accumulated with the increase of life experience. Through the study of Mr. Zahi Ben Tien's creative style, I have a better understanding of himself, and the literary and artistic youth who are enthusiastic about the literary creation are successively devoted to literary creation. In the process of writing this paper, I collect more than 70 novels, essays, essays, and so on from the 1983. After careful study of his works, I think that his unique style of creation can be specific through the ideological features of his works, and the artistic characteristics of Zahi Ben Tien. First, the first part is the analysis of the ideological and content characteristics of Zahi's works. The first part is made up of the bottom of the society, the bottom society, the literary thought and the literary point of view. First, the analysis of the characters can be divided into the analysis and summary of the characters in the small Zahi. The simple and honest male characters and the female characters on the bottom of the society. Most of the novels are created by the method of critical realism, so they focus on the life emotion and sadness of the real people. Most of the characters in the novel are the peasants in the Tibetan area, although the characters in his prose are not. The characters in the novel are so vivid, but by means of the introduction of the characters and the social commentary, it is the same for the fate of the people in the real life. The main body of the characters in prose is complementary to each other. The main body of this section is "man", but it does not merely refer to the individual "man" in the Tibetan area, but the summation of the living state of the Wei Tibetan and dokang areas, the herdsmen and the peasants. Secondly, the description of the bottom society, and his prose reveals that the bottom society is passing through the old society. After the trauma of the repression and the cultural revolution, the real portrayal of the predicament in the real life, which has been frustrated in his own language and language in the new era, is the concern of the people who are divorced from a single person to the social group. This section can be divided into two parts, the underlying language, the predicament and the thinking, which mainly describe the author's language and language. The last part explains the literary point of view or literary thought, mainly analyzes the factors of the formation of Chinese thought in the process of the growth of the author, and points out that the author's literary thought is the naive and sufficient knowledge of the Tibetan people, Jia Pingwa's local complex and realism. And the influence of culture, and to explain that these are summarized through the comprehensive study of Zahi's book and the process of interviewing him. The second chapter is an introduction to the artistic features of Zahi's book. For a literary work, the importance of its artistic appreciation is less than the importance of his thought, especially for the creative style. It is essential to analyze the artistic features of his works. Therefore, this chapter deals with the artistic features of the works in detail according to the linguistic features and narrative perspectives of Zahi's works. The first part is the language characteristics, and the features of the characters in his works are the dialects of the language and the language of the characters. Dialects are the main features of dialects and the use of a large number of folk proverbs is a major feature. This section summarizes the language of his works from the two aspects of the borrowing and journalistic language used by Zahi's class in the narrative. The second section is the perspective and the narrative. In general, the Zahi class has always used the omniscience in the novel. The advantages of writing skills in narration make up for the lack of description. The last third sections mainly discuss the unique structural features. In the middle short stories and essays of zhashicban, the attention of the readers is the four lines used at the beginning and the end of the article. These four lines are divided into the front and back correspondence and the summary type. The lyric type is studied through the analysis of these four elements. The third chapter is the growth and the work. From the point of view of social history criticism, any work has a certain relationship with the race, the environment and the times. In the author's article, it can be clearly seen that he has received his own experience of life and the learning side. The influence of style and social life. So this chapter is mainly aimed at clarifying the influence of the process and career of the author on the formation of his unique style of creation. Because the memory of childhood is related to the creation of the later, for Zahi, he has been integrated into his own parents' simple and contentable teaching from his own parents. In his own habits, this kind of memory has been incorporated into the writings of the works. Later, because of being a journalist, he had a great influence on all aspects of literary creation. In addition, because his creative style was formed gradually in his life history, he studied the writer's writing style when he studied the writing style of a writer. The study of human life experience is very necessary.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I207.9

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