东北作家群小说民俗事象研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 16:04

本文选题：民俗事象 + 东北作家群　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：东北作家群作家在氤氲的烽火之中以流亡者的身份颠沛于祖国大地,他们用淬火于东北人民的血与泪的真呐喊与真歌哭,使得当年文坛先驱者们将眼光投射到这片挣扎在被奴役命运的蛮荒雪原之上,并使得东北作家群作品在文学史的历时性发展过程中取得了较高的文学地位。在东北作家群的作品中,对于民俗事象的书写在文本中占有一定的比重,包含丰富意指性因素并对文本叙事具有重要意义的民俗事象书写理应引起研究者的重视。在东北作家群小说的场域之下,文学与民俗的联姻不仅使文本小说表现出浓郁的东北文化气息,而且还使得当时、此地特定历史文化下地方民众生活状态反映于文本之中。由于东北地区受到上古与中古时期多民族融合和近代殖民文化的影响,关东土地成为保有和留存丰饶的民俗事象的沃土。东北作家群关于民俗事象的书写对后世研究当时东北历史状况和作家主体的观念和心态具有重要的价值和意义。本文以民俗事象作为切入点进行研究,力图将民俗研究视角的概念、方法与充盈于以往的地域文化研究视角的相关研究方法、学术概念相剥离,以使得本研究呈现出不同于以往既成的相关文学批评的独特风貌,文章结合东北作家群民俗事象书写发生时代的历史资料对其发生的历史语境进行实证性的探析,并透过东北作家群小说对民俗事象的描摹探讨和总结出了东北作家群创作主体的民俗书写观念,梳理与归纳东北作家群小说中的民俗事象,并在此基础上,总结出东北作家群民俗事象书写所蕴含的审美意蕴以及其在东北文学史上重要的历史文化意义。文章除绪论部分外具体分为五部分:第一部分从东北地域民俗文化和东北作家群书写语境出发,探讨东北作家群民俗事象书写的发生语境。本文认为东北作家群民俗事象书写的发生与其所处的社会历史环境有着密切的联系,半封建半殖民地社会性质下的东北经济、政治和宗教状况共同催生出了东北作家群的民俗事象书写。首先,在日寇的经济渗透和侵略之下,东北的经济日趋殖民地化,既有封建势力迅速买办化,加之日本侵略者借助日朝移民问题和金元政策,大举侵略、吞食东北经济肌体,东北广大农民在带有鲜明外殖性的二元对立的东北经济结构的压迫下挣扎在苦难、饥饿的生死场上;其次,自清末以降,日俄侵略者一直对东北奉行蚕食、渗透的侵略政策,奉系军阀时期,东北的地方官宪势力和封建势力在很大程度上已经沦为侵略者的爪牙和走狗,“九·一八”事变之后,日本大举侵略东北并在政治、文教和社会等领域荼毒东北人民,在以官宪、族权势力为代表的封建反动政治势力和残暴的日寇的联合压迫之下,东北人民处于被杀戮、被侮辱和被戕害的悲惨境地之中;最后,在千百年的历史进程中,东北文化受到北方通古斯民族和关里汉民族文化的双重影响,东北地区的宗教也呈现出关内佛、道教、地方萨满教和外来的基督教多教杂糅并存的局面,然而东北人民的多神崇拜、多教杂处的“淫祀化”宗教信仰在一定程度上瓦解了东北民众的斗争精神和凝聚力,使得东北人民在日寇淫威下愈加暗弱和悲惨。东北作家群民俗事象书写正是在日寇铁蹄践踏和人民水深火热的时代语境之下逐渐产生的。第二部分着重分析东北作家群作家进行民俗事象创作的民俗观念以及这种观念发生的动力。东北作家群作家在文学创作所呈现出来的民俗观念具有比较明显的悖反性,一方面东北作家群认识到了东北民俗观念中潜隐着的反秩序性,东北人民“挂柱”成性的胡匪文化和婚俗中的反礼教观念正是东北民俗中人民的反抗精神的鲜明例证,而另一方面东北作家群作家的民俗观念又呈现出一定的守成性,东北作家群在书写中对东北民俗中的“淫祀化”宗教倾向并未持全然的否定态度,而对隐没在民间生活中的源自于人民自身的压迫性因素,东北作家群作家也并未进行彻底的批判。由此可见,东北作家群对东北民俗报以的观念性认识是具有辩难性和悖反性的。东北作家群之所以对东北民俗呈现出二律悖反式的认识与书写状态,其原因和动力在于东北作家群自身的多重文化身份和一直所秉持的民间立场。作为地道的关东人,东北作家群作家在流亡的过程中,在怀乡心态的推动下力图从东北人民的真实生活中擢取自身书写的素材和激励人民抗战的精神动力,以使得自身创作的文本能够起到启蒙民智、唤起反抗的作用,同时作为受过启蒙思想洗礼的知识分子与先觉者,他们对民俗中的消极、落后因素又给予揭露与批判,所以文化身份的多重性使得他们的民俗事象书写呈现出悖反性。东北作家群作家大多出身东北民间,对民间文化的切身体认造成其几乎不可能对东北民俗中的糟粕性有着完全理性的、批判性的认识,无意识中掺杂着认同的态度,所以他们的民俗事象书写中又具有一定的保守性。第三、四部分回到文本本身,叙述东北作家群小说中的民俗事象的文本书写与表现问题,在小说中,东北人民呈现出两类不同指向的民俗事象,一类是指向彼岸的神灵世界,一类是热切关注现世的世界。第三部分重点论述东北作家群小说中东北人民指向神灵世界的民俗事象,原始的和土著的萨满教是北国人民的信仰,流行的“跳大神”是当地人生活中的一道风景线,萨满教的万物有灵的观念衍生出东北人对“山神”“松涛”恐惧与“崇土”习俗。除了萨满教信仰外,东北地区还呈现出功利性的神鬼信仰,“还愿”习俗是人与神达成的契约,具有一定的功利性和救急性,大多的节日习俗不仅为了了解神鬼的意愿,而且带有一定的娱乐性。第四部分着重叙述东北人民关注现世生活的民俗事象,包含求生、殖产民俗事象、婚姻民俗事象与语言民俗事象。在追求生存与物质生产中,东北人民“闯关东”、“挖参”、“狩猎”与“拉绺子”,展现了顽强坚韧的生命力与原始的求生技能。由于历史传统与现实生活状况,东北地区呈现出原始自由与封建尚礼两种迥然不同的婚姻形态,“搭伙”与“寡妇改嫁”表现了东北人民追求自由情爱的婚姻观念,而“遵循父母之命”与“童养媳”则是对封建落后婚姻的尊崇。在语言民俗事象中最突出的就是黑话和歌谣,构成东北民间生活中富含本土特色的一部分。第五部分探讨了东北作家群民俗事象书写审美意蕴和其所带来的文化反思。在审美意蕴方面,民俗事象的介入使得东北作家群小说文本雄强和神秘的风格特征更为突显,由于东北作家群一贯保持着创作的民间立场和民间化的评判尺度,所以其小说创作中的民俗事象书写也体现着创作主体的审美的民俗化倾向。物质与精神的民俗因素的融入有利于营造东北民间真实的生活氛围,其烘托了创作主体的审美取向。东北作家群作家利用民俗事象构建真实、可信的、贴近生活原貌的叙事环境与背景,使得接受者获得了身临其境的感觉,具有极强的在场感。当我们以当下的眼光对东北作家群民俗事象书写进行回望与反思之时,就会发现东北作家群民俗书写背后所隐含的精神与文化内涵仍然对今天东北文学与社会的发展有着强烈的镜鉴意义,他们提供了一部没有影像的东北民间文化纪录片,为后来东北文化、历史和文学等研究者提供了珍贵的参考资源,同时民俗事象中掺杂的美好的精神品质和惰性的民俗因素仍对现今的东北地区发展产生深远影响,其遗留下的文化迷思仍然值得后人不断地去探索和总结。
[Abstract]:The writers of the Northeastern Writers in the beacon flames of exile in the homeland of the motherland, they use the true cry and the true song of the blood and tears which are hardened by the people of the northeast, so that the pioneers of the literary world cast their eyes on the barbarous snowfield that struggled in the fates of slavery, and made the works of the northeast writers in the history of literature. In the course of diachronic development, in the works of the Northeast writer group, the writing of folklore events occupies a certain proportion in the text, which contains rich signification factors and is of great significance to the text narration. It should arouse the attention of the researchers. In addition, the marriage of literature and folklore not only makes the text novels show a strong northeastern cultural atmosphere, but also makes the living state of the local people reflected in the text under the specific historical culture. The northeast area is protected by the integration of the ancient and middle ancient times and the influence of modern colonial culture. The writing of the folk custom of the Northeast writer group has an important value and significance to the study of the historical situation of Northeast China and the writer's main body at that time. This article studies the folk custom as the breakthrough point, trying to make the concept, method and filling of the folklore research perspective in the past. The related research methods of regional culture research and the peeling of academic concepts make this study present a unique style which is different from the previous literary criticism. The article makes an empirical analysis on the historical context of the Northeast Writers' folklore events in the era of writing, and through the northeast writers. The group novels describe and summarize the folklore ideas of the creations of the northeast writers, and summarize the folklore events in the novels of the northeast writers, and then summarize the aesthetic implications and the important historical and cultural meanings in the history of the Northeastern Writers' folklore. In addition to the introduction part, the article is divided into five parts: the first part, starting from the northeastern regional folklore culture and the writing context of the Northeast writer group, discusses the context of the folk custom of the northeast writers. This article holds that the occurrence of the folk custom of the northeast writers is closely related to the social and historical environment in which they are located, and the semi feudalism is semi feudal. In the semi colonial society, the northeast economy, political and religious conditions jointly produced the folk custom of the northeast writers. First, under the economic infiltration and invasion of the Japanese aggressors, the economy of the Northeast was becoming more and more colonial, with the rapid comprador of the feudal forces, and the Japanese invaders with the aid of the Japanese immigration and the gold and yuan policy. Invading and swallowing the body of the northeast economy, the vast peasants of the Northeast struggled under the oppression of the northeast economic structure of the two opposing northeast economic structure with distinctive external colonization. The second, from the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Japanese and Russian invaders had been eating out the northeastern China, the policy of infiltration, the army valve period, the local official constitution in the northeast. After the September 18th Incident, Japan invaded the northeast and poisoned the northeast people in the fields of politics, culture, education and society. Under the combined oppression of the feudal reactionary political forces and the brutal Japanese aggressors represented by the official constitution and the power of the ethnic power, the northeast people were in the northeast. In the tragic situation of being slaughtered, insulted and killed, in the course of the history of thousands of years, the northeast culture was influenced by the dual influence of the northern Tong and the customs of the Kun Han nationality. The religions in the northeast also present the situation of the coexistence of Buddhism, Taoism, local Shamanism and foreign Christian multi religions. However, the northeast is in the northeast. The people's worship of polytheism and the religious belief of "prostitution and worship" disintegrate the spirit of struggle and cohesion of the people of the northeast to a certain extent, and make the people of the Northeast more and more weak and miserable under the Japanese aggressors. The writing of the folk custom of the northeast writers is gradually under the times of the times of the Japanese aggressors trampling and the people's deep water. The second part focuses on the analysis of folk custom concept of folk custom and the motive force of this concept in Northeast Writers Group writers. The folklore ideas presented by the writers of northeast writers in literary creation have obvious paradoxes. On the one hand, the northeast writers have recognized the latent rebellion in the concept of northeastern folklore. The concept of anti etiquette in bandit culture and marriage custom in northeastern people's "hanging column" is a clear example of the rebellious spirit of the people in northeastern folklore, on the other hand, the folklore concept of the writers of the northeast writers group presents a certain conservatism, and the Northeast Writers' group in the writing of the northeastern folklore of the "prostitution" religion tilts. The writers of northeast writers have not been completely criticizing the oppressive factors that have been hidden in the folk life, and the writers of northeast writers have not been thoroughly criticized. Therefore, the Northeastern Writers' group's conceptual understanding of the Northeast folklore is difficult and contrary to the Northeast folklore. The reason and motive force lies in the multiple cultural identity of the Northeast writer group and the folk standpoint which has always been held by the Northeast writer group. As the local Guan Dong people, the writers of the northeast writers group were promoted from the real life of the northeast people in the process of exile in the process of exile by the nostalgic state of mind. The material that is written and the spiritual motive that motivate the people to resist the war, so that the text of his own creation can enlighten the wisdom of the people and arouse the effect of resistance. At the same time, as the intellectual and the first person who has been baptized by the enlightened thought, they expose and criticize the negative and backward factors in the folklore, so the multiplicity of cultural identity makes them The folk custom is contrary to writing. Most writers of northeastern writers are born in the Northeastern folk. It is almost impossible for the folk culture to recognize the dregs of the folk culture, which is completely rational, critical and unconsciously doped with the attitude of identity, so their folklore events are also certain in the writing. The third, fourth part goes back to the text itself and describes the writing and expression of the folklore events in the novels of the Northeast writer group. In the novel, the people of the Northeast present two kinds of different folklore events, one is the divine world pointing to the other side, the other is the world in which the present world is hot. The third part focuses on the northeast. In the novels of the family, the primitive and Aboriginal Shamanism are the belief of the people of the north, and the popular "great God" is a scenic spot in the life of the local people. The spirit of the Shamanism derives the customs of the Northeast People's fear and worship of the "Mountain God" and the "Song Tao". In addition to the religious belief, the northeast region also presents a utilitarian belief in ghosts and the "vow" custom is a contract between man and God. It has a certain utilitarianism and rescues the acute. Most of the festival customs are not only to understand the will of the gods, but also have some entertainment. The fourth part focuses on the folk customs of the northeast people concerned about the life of the world. In the pursuit of survival and material production, the northeast people "go to the East", "dig the ginseng", "hunt" and "pull the grain", show the tenacious vitality and primitive survival skills in the pursuit of survival and material production. There are two different forms of marriage between the primitive freedom and the feudal ritual. "Gang" and "widow remarry" show the concept of marriage for the people of the northeast to pursue freedom and love, while "following the life of the parents" and "the child bride" are the respect for the feudal and backward marriage. The folk life in Northeast China is rich in local characteristics. The fifth part discusses the aesthetic implication and cultural reflection of the folk custom of northeast writers. In the aesthetic implication, the intervention of folklore events makes the characters of the novels of northeast writers strong and mysterious more prominent, because the northeast writers are consistently insured. With the folk standpoint and the judgment scale of the folk, the folk custom in the creation of the novel also embodies the aesthetic folklorization tendency of the creative subject. The integration of the material and spiritual folklore factors is beneficial to the creation of the real life atmosphere in the northeast and the aesthetic orientation of the creative subject. The family uses folklore to build a true, credible and close to the background and environment of the original appearance, making the recipient get the feeling of being in the world and have a strong sense of presence. When we look back and reflect on the writing of the folk custom of the northeast writers with the present eye, we will find the back of the folk custom of the northeast writers. The implied spirit and cultural connotation still have a strong mirror meaning to the development of today's northeast literature and society. They provide a documentary film of Northeastern folk culture without image. It provides valuable reference resources for the later researchers of northeast culture, history and literature. At the same time, the beautiful spiritual quality of folklore events is mixed. And the inert folk factors still have a far-reaching impact on the development of Northeast China. The cultural myth left behind is still worth exploring and summing up by posterity.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42

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