试释“芽兰带”:残存在地方歌谣里的清代中外贸易信息

发布时间：2018-06-07 00:30

  本文选题：“芽兰” + 胭脂虫　； 参考：《学术研究》2017年11期

【摘要】：查考粤海关志、地方志、外国人编纂的通商和语言学习手册等文献,可知在晚清粤语南音唱本《男烧衣》中出现的"芽兰"一词,应为西班牙语"grana"的粤音翻译,意指现代译作"胭脂虫"的一种染料原料。胭脂虫原产于南美,能生产出鲜艳亮丽的红色染料,自16世纪即为西班牙人所垄断,至迟在18世纪已通过马尼拉进口广州、厦门等口岸,用于染制出口的上等丝绸。19世纪英国东印度公司仍需仰赖与西班牙商人关系良好的广州行商购入胭脂虫。时至20世纪,"芽兰"逐渐被现代中译词汇"胭脂虫"取代,并从人们的记忆中消失。"芽兰"的例子从某个侧面反映了在漫长的历史过程中,许多外来物种和物产因为种种原因而有所变易甚或消失,其一度通用的名字间接残存在看来并不相干的文献中,本义也逐渐被人遗忘。
[Abstract]:By examining the records of Guangdong Customs, Local Records, Foreign Trade and language Learning Manual compiled by foreigners, we can see that the word "bud orchid", which appears in the song of Cantonese southern pronunciation in the late Qing Dynasty, should be a Cantonese translation of "grana" in Spanish. A dyestuff material used in the modern translation of cochineal insects. Cochineal, native to South America, can produce bright red dyes, which have been monopolized by the Spanish since the 16th century. By the 18th century, they had been imported into Guangzhou, Xiamen and other ports through Manila. Fine silk for export. 19 th century British East India Company still had to rely on Guangzhou merchants who had good relations with Spanish merchants to buy rouge worms. From the time to the 20 th century, the orchid was gradually replaced by the modern Chinese translation of the word "cochineal worm" and disappeared from people's memory. " The "bud orchid" example reflects, in one way or another, that, over the course of long history, many alien species and products have changed or even disappeared for a variety of reasons, and their once-common names have indirectly survived in what appears to be irrelevant literature. The original meaning is gradually forgotten.
【作者单位】： 香港城市大学中文及历史系;中山大学历史人类学研究中心;
【基金】：作者主持的香港特别行政区研究资助局拨款支持的研究计划“画出自然:18—19世纪中叶广州绘制的动植物画”(General Research Fund,Project Number:11672416)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I207.7;K249
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本文编号：1988836