阮籍五言《咏怀诗》对《古诗十九首》的接受研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 14:49

本文选题：阮籍 + 《咏怀诗》　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：魏晋易代之交是风云变幻、波诡云谲的时代,曹魏与司马氏两大政治集团为争夺政权展开血腥、残酷的争斗。当时大部分名士选择退身自保,但事与愿违,被卷入这场政治漩涡中。作为魏晋名士的代表,阮籍本想远离政治,不愿意耽溺于仕途,但又不可能完全置身事外,不论是曹魏还是司马氏,都极力拉拢他,这就决定了他一生都徘徊于出世与入世之间。阮籍对政治十分敏感,时时怀有忧惧之情,对幻想中的神仙世界既有憧憬又有怀疑,他将坎坷的生平、忧生的意识、深刻的哲思和超拔的诗才都熔铸在五言《咏怀诗》中,以组诗的形式抒写内心的忧思激愤,在思想上和艺术上都取得了很大成就。作为魏晋诗歌的代表作,《咏怀诗》在中国古代诗歌史上占据了相当重要的地位。阮籍的《咏怀诗》兼收并蓄、转益多师,对于前人的作品如《诗经》、《楚辞》、汉代乐府、《古诗十九首》以及建安诗歌等多有学习和借鉴,汲取了丰富的艺术养分。但诗歌艺术如果仅仅停留在接受上,毕竟无法形成绚烂夺目的艺术个性。阮籍不但“踵事”,而且“增华”,在《咏怀诗》中发挥了独特的艺术个性。本文主要探讨阮籍五言《咏怀诗》对《古诗十九首》的接受和发展。第一章为“五言《咏怀诗》对《古诗十九首》的接受”,从诗歌语言、题材内容、诗歌意旨、表现方式、抒情方式等五个方面进行深入的研究。第一节诗歌语言的接受,分析《咏怀诗》在诗句结构和句意方面对《古诗十九首》的化用;第二节题材内容的接受,主要有中夜不寐、游戏都城、思慕佳人、郊野观坟等四部分的内容;第三节诗歌意旨的接受,探讨《古诗十九首》的生命意识对《咏怀诗》的影响;第四节表现方式的接受,主要从场景表现和比象艺术两方面进行分析;第五节抒情方式的接受,分析《咏怀诗》在长于抒情的诗作风格和自然委婉的艺术特质两方面对《古诗十九首》的接受。第二章为“五言《咏怀诗》对《古诗十九首》的发展”,从题材内容、生命主题、抒情方式、比象艺术等四个方面进行详细的分析。第一节题材内容的扩大,论述《咏怀诗》忧生、游仙、讽喻、述志等四方面的内容;第二节生命主题的深化,描述阮籍如履薄冰的忧惧之情与依违避就的矛盾心态,以及对虚伪名教的反抗与对理想世界的向往;第三节抒情方式新变,分析《咏怀诗》幽微玄远的抒情风格、富有个性的内心独白以及以玄入诗的诗歌特点;第四节比象艺术的发展,主要从意象选用的丰富性和意象本身的多义性两方面进行探讨。总之,阮籍五言《咏怀诗》对《古诗十九首》的接受是全面的,而在继承接受的基础上又有新的发展,本文将对此进行较为系统、深入的研究、分析。
[Abstract]:At the turn of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the political groups of Cao Wei and Sima began a bloody and cruel struggle for political power. At that time, most celebrities chose to retreat to protect themselves, but contrary to their wishes, they were involved in the political whirlpool. As the representative of the famous personages of the Wei and Jin dynasties, Ruan Ji wanted to stay away from politics and did not want to indulge in his career, but he could not be completely sidelined. Both Cao Wei and Sima tried their best to persuade him. This decided that he lingered between birth and accession to the WTO all his life. Ruan Ji is very sensitive to politics and always has a feeling of fear. He has both a vision and a suspicion of the fairy world in his illusions. He melts his bumpy life, consciousness of worrying about life, profound philosophic thinking and transcendent poems in the five-character poem "Poetry on the Huai". Writing in the form of composition of poetry to express the inner feelings of indignation, in thought and art have made great achievements. As the masterpiece of Wei and Jin poetry, the poem of singing Huai Huai occupies a very important position in the history of ancient Chinese poetry. Ruan Ji's "Poems on the Huai", which can be absorbed by many teachers, have learned and used for reference for previous works such as the Book of songs, Chu ci, Yuefu in Han Dynasty, 19 Ancient Poems and Jian'an poems, and so on, which have drawn rich artistic nourishment from the works of previous generations, such as "Book of songs", "Chu ci", "Han Dynasty Yuefu" and "Jian-an poetry". But if poetry art only stays on the acceptance, after all, it can't form brilliant artistic personality. Ruan Ji not only "heel matter", but also "Zenghua", in the poem of Huai Huai play a unique artistic personality. This paper mainly discusses Ruan Ji's acceptance and development of Nineteen Ancient Poems. The first chapter is about the acceptance of the Nineteen Ancient Poems in five aspects: poetic language, subject matter, poetic intent, expression style and lyric way. The first section is the acceptance of poetic language, and the analysis of the use of the poem in the structure and meaning of the poem, and the acceptance of the content of the subject matter in the second section mainly includes sleepless nights, the capital city of games, and homesickness. The third section discusses the influence of the life consciousness of the Nineteen Ancient Poems on the poetry, the fourth section, the acceptance of the expression mode, and the content of the four parts such as the country visit to the grave, the acceptance of the meaning of poetry in the third section, the influence of the life consciousness of the Nineteen Ancient Poems, In the fifth section, the author analyzes the acceptance of the lyric way in the style of poetry which is longer than lyric and the artistic characteristics of natural euphemism in terms of the acceptance of "19 Ancient Poems". The second chapter is the development of the Nineteen Ancient Poems in five characters, which is analyzed in detail from four aspects: the subject matter, the life theme, the lyric way and the art of comparison. The first section is about the expansion of the theme content, which discusses the four aspects of the "poem on the Huai": worrying about life, traveling fairy, allegorical, and writing about history. In the second section, the deepening of the theme of life describes Ruan Ji's fear of walking on thin ice and his contradictory mentality of avoiding the violation of the law. The third section is about the new changes of lyric style, the analysis of the lyric style, the unique inner monologue, and the poetic characteristics of metaphysical poetry. The fourth section discusses the development of image art from two aspects: the richness of image selection and the polysemy of image itself. In a word, Ruan Ji's acceptance of Nineteen Ancient Poems is comprehensive, and there is new development on the basis of inheritance and acceptance.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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