社会史视域下的金圣叹研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 12:15

【摘要】：金圣叹是明末清初小说批评派创始人,著有《选批唐才子诗》、《天下才子必读书》、《大题才子文》、《小题才子文》、《南华字制》以及佛学著作《西域风俗记》等,特别是金批《水浒传》、金批《第五才子书—西厢记》奠定了他在文学批评界的大师地位。金圣叹博学多识,广涉经史子集和小说戏剧民歌,深究儒释道三教,有着强烈的民本意识,并通过“小说评点”著书自娱的途径来表达这种“民贵君轻”“视民如天”的民本思想。在《西厢记》《水浒传》的评点中,他秉笔直书,大胆地为《西厢记》正名,肯定《水浒传》中农民起义的合法与正义性,批判社会的黑暗,热情讴歌农民起义的英雄们,强调“庶人之议”,发泄被迫害的人民大众的愤怒的心声。他思想中的这种民主倾向与反专制意识在当时是难能可贵的。特别值得一提的是,他在崇祯十四年对《水浒传》评点也正是魏忠贤宦党掌权最黑暗的时期。他本人也终因参与反抗贪官污吏而付出了生命的代价,表现出了一个中国传统知识分子不畏权贵,坚持真理的铮铮骨气。金圣叹选择以“著书自娱”,即通过金批《西厢记》、《水浒传》小说评点方式来倡导“民贵君轻”“视民如天”民本思想,这种社会角色的自我定位也是生逢乱世、宦官乱政、民不聊生的社会背景下吴中才子们“蔑弃礼法、讥讽道学、放纵性情、狂傲好名”所共有的选择。前有唐伯虎、祝枝山,后有冯梦龙、钱谦益、袁于令、龙侗等。他们这种“异端加才子”的独特人格融进了吴中文化的血脉,而作为苏州狂士文化现象的典型代表,金圣叹用自已的人生传奇为中国“才子文化”增添了炫目的一笔。金批《水浒传》、《西厢记》获得巨大社会影响。该书在社会上广泛流传至今,成为“自少至老,自智至愚”无不谈之爱之的读物。金圣叹的“才子”书,特别是金批《水浒》始终是小说理论批评界所关注的热点。三百余年来的金圣叹研究也因此附上了社会变迁与时代发展的络印。
[Abstract]:Jin Shengtan is the founder of the criticism school of novels in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He is the author of Tang Caizi Poems, the Book of Literary works of the World Talent, the Great title of the Talent, the small title, the Nanhua character system, and the Buddhist works, the Custom of the Western regions, and so on. Especially "Water margin" and "the Fifth Talent Book of the West Chamber" established his position as a master in literary criticism. Jin Shengtan was knowledgeable, extensively involved in a subset of classics and history and folk songs in novels and dramas, studied Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and had a strong sense of people-oriented. And through the way of writing books to express this kind of people-oriented thought of "looking at the people as heaven". In his comments on the Book of the West Chamber, Water margin, he boldly corrected the name of the book, affirmed the lawfulness and justice of the peasant uprising in the Water margin, criticized the darkness of society, and enthusiastically eulogized the heroes of the peasant uprising. Emphasize the opinion of the common people and vent the angry feelings of the persecuted people. The democratic tendency and anti-autocratic consciousness in his thoughts were commendable at that time. In particular, his comment on the Water margin in Chongzhen fourteen years was the darkest period when Wei Zhongxian was in power. He himself paid the price of his life for participating in the resistance against corrupt officials and showed the integrity of a Chinese traditional intellectual who did not fear power and insisted on the truth. Jin Shengtan chose to "write books and entertain himself", that is to say, he advocated the idea of "people and noble gentlemen light" and "looking at the people as heaven" through the way of commenting on the novels of Jin criticism, "West Chamber" and "Water margin". This kind of self-orientation of social role is also to be born in troubled times and eunuchs to disorderly politics. Under the social background of people living in misery, the talents of Wuzhong "scorn and abandon etiquette, ridicule Taoism, indulge temperament, and be proud of a good name" is a common choice. Former Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, after Feng Menglong, Qian Qianyi, Yuan Yu Ling, long Dong and so on. Their unique personality of "heresy and talent" melts into the blood of Wuzhong culture, and as a typical representative of the cultural phenomenon in Suzhou, Jin Shengtan adds a dazzling stroke to China's "talent culture" with his own life legend. The Golden criticism Water margin, the West Chamber got a huge social impact. The book has been widely circulated in society and has become a reading of love from few to old and from wisdom to folly. Jin Shengtan's "Talent" book, especially the Jin criticism "Water margin", has always been a hot topic in the critical circle of novel theory. For more than 300 years, Jin Shengtan's research also attached the social changes and the development of the times.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.2

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