中国现代文学批评实践属性研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 09:45
【摘要】：中国现代文学批评与中国现代社会历史的发展是相辅相成的,二者相互依存,统一于中国现代化历史发展进程的伟大实践之中。在这一历史实践中,无论是批评家的主体身份,还是文学理论批评的建构,都参与到这一特殊的实践过程当中。同时,在这种文学批评与现代社会历史发展进程相互交融的特殊实践中,批评家的人生道路、个人体验、文学立场、思想观点与批评实践,都配合着现代社会的发展与现实语境的需求而不断调适批评的价值取向与实践方向,充分显示出不同历史时期的文学批评实践所具有的社会价值性方面的特质。所以说,中国现代文学批评的本质属性必然是实践性的。中国现代文学批评实践属性研究是在马克思主义实践论的理论视阈中展开的。中国现代文学批评实践属性的本质特征在于其社会价值性,即以文学创作、文学思想、文学现象等是否参与社会实践活动,产生现实效用为批评价值尺度,以问题性聚焦为突出表现,以社会批评与体验批评为具体的批评形态。置身于中国社会历史的现代性发展进程中,特别是在那特定的民族危机、政治斗争、社会革命的语境下,中国现代文学批评必然要携带着社会性、目的性、功利性、实用性、工具性、现实性等一系列实践属性特征。或者说,社会话语与现代文学批评两者之间的关系是一种实践性的互构,特定历史阶段的社会语境既构成了中国现代文学批评的实践性需求,也导致了中国现代文学批评实践性本质属性的现代性发生。由此而来,中国现代文学批评实践对理论资源的汲取同样是一种实践性的接受,例如,中国现代文学批评对中国古代文论传统中的经典性理论“文以载道”的继承便是一种实践属性立场上的自觉性传续,对纷至沓来的各种西方文艺思潮的借鉴则坚持实用性原则上的为我所用的“拿来主义”的方法和手段。在中国现代文学批评实践中,首先发生的是中国现代文学批评主体身份的实践性转型。相比较于中国古代知识分子对于“知”的关注,相比较于西方世界知识分子的居高临下的姿态,中国现代文学中的批评者更多地是身体力行地投身于社会历史转型的革命实践之中,从而也在一定程度上建构了中国现代知识分子当然也包括现代文学批评主体身份的从“知”向“行”的历史性转型。问题性聚焦是中国现代文学批评实践属性发生的突出表现,中国社会历史现代性发展进程中迎面而来的诸多问题使得中国现代文学批评为此而去聚焦、去求解、去应答。中国现代文学史上的诸多文学思想论争与不同主张的文学思潮流派所进行的批评大都是问题式批评,所不同的是,文学论争更突出地表现为不同思想观点、不同文学倾向相互之间的矛盾对立、博弈竞争,而文学思潮流派似乎更注重文学发展过程中内部规律的探讨,也更注重批评主体的发现以及批评过程的问题性求解。中国现代文学批评的实践性属性决定其批评形态必然表现为一种社会批评的性质。它必然义不容辞地承担起启蒙、救亡的历史使命和政治使命,它必须要与客观现实保持着密不可分、相辅相成的关系,面对中国几千年封建文化和封建伦理道德的精神负累,面对国家民族生死存亡的历史责任,它必然要鲜明地呈现出思想性、现实性、政治性等方面的鲜明特质。同时,体验批评从社会批评所忽略的生命体验的视域进入批评实践,它强调文学批评应该是通过批评主体的自我意识和心灵体验来反映社会生活、评析文学现象,以一种更加“隐蔽”的方式聚焦社会问题。这种体验批评既是一种与问题批评相对立的矛盾存在,又以其感性形态的特殊存在及其艺术魅力去弥补问题批评的某些不足,从而以两者之间的相互张力共同构成中国文学现代性启蒙发展进程中的动态结构。中国现代文学批评实践属性凸显出中国文学批评的鲜明特色,具有丰富的意义内涵与充沛的生命力,再一次彰显了中国文学批评的功能性与价值性,又在某种意义上奠定了中国现当代文学批评的基本模式乃至成为指导性方向,为处在历史转型期的中国当代文学批评的发展提供了重要的实践导向与模式范本。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese literary criticism and the development of modern Chinese society and history are mutually reinforcing. They are interdependent and united in the great practice of the development of Chinese modernization history. At the same time, in the special practice of the blending of literary criticism and the historical development of modern society, the Critics'life path, personal experience, literary standpoint, ideological viewpoint and critical practice are constantly adjusting the value orientation and practical direction of criticism in line with the development of modern society and the needs of the realistic context, which fully demonstrates Therefore, the essential attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism must be practical. The study of the practical attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism is carried out from the theoretical perspective of Marxist pragmatism. The essence of the practical attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism. It is characterized by its social value, that is, whether literary creation, literary thought and literary phenomena participate in social practice, produce practical utility as the criterion of criticism value, focus on problems as the prominent performance, social criticism and experiential criticism as the specific form of criticism. It is in the context of national crisis, political struggle and social revolution that modern Chinese literary criticism is bound to carry a series of practical attributes, such as sociality, purposefulness, utilitarianism, practicality, instrumentality and realism. In other words, the relationship between social discourse and modern literary criticism is a kind of practical mutual construction and specific. The social context at the historical stage not only constitutes the practical needs of modern Chinese literary criticism, but also leads to the occurrence of the modernity of its practical essential attributes. The inheritance of the classical theory of "literature carries the Tao" in the ancient literary theory tradition is a kind of conscious continuation of the standpoint of practical attribute, while the reference of various western literary and artistic trends adheres to the method and means of "taking the doctrine" in the principle of pragmatism. In the practice of modern Chinese literary criticism, the first issue is to be made. Being born is a practical transformation of the subject status of modern Chinese literary criticism. Compared with the concern of ancient Chinese intellectuals for "knowledge", the critics in modern Chinese literature devote themselves more to the revolutionary practice of social and historical transformation than to the attitude of the intellectuals in the western world. To a certain extent, it also constructs the historic transformation of the subject identity of modern Chinese literary criticism from "knowing" to "doing". Problematic focus is the prominent manifestation of the practice attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism, and many problems in the process of the development of social and historical modernity in China make it possible for the subject identity of modern Chinese literary criticism to change from "knowing" to "doing". In the history of modern Chinese literature, many literary debates and criticisms by different literary trends are mostly question-based criticism. The difference is that literary debates are more prominent in the form of spears between different ideas and literary tendencies. Shield antagonism, game competition, and the literary trend of thought seems to pay more attention to the internal law of the development of literature, but also to the discovery of the main criticism and the problem-solving of the process of criticism. To undertake the historical and political mission of enlightenment and national salvation, it must maintain a close and complementary relationship with the objective reality, face the spiritual burden of thousands of years of Chinese feudal culture and feudal ethics and morals, and face the historical responsibility of the nation's survival and death, it will inevitably show a clear ideological, realistic, political nature. At the same time, experiential criticism enters into criticism practice from the perspective of life experience neglected by social criticism. It emphasizes that literary criticism should reflect social life through the self-consciousness and spiritual experience of the subject of criticism, evaluate literary phenomena and focus on social problems in a more "hidden" way. The experiential criticism is not only a contradictory existence opposed to the problem criticism, but also a special existence of its perceptual form and its artistic charm to make up for some shortcomings of the problem criticism. Thus, the mutual tension between the two constitutes a dynamic structure in the process of the enlightenment and development of the modernity of Chinese literature. It shows the distinct characteristics of Chinese literary criticism, has rich meaning connotation and abundant vitality, once again demonstrates the function and value of Chinese literary criticism, and in a sense establishes the basic mode of Chinese modern and contemporary literary criticism and even becomes the guiding direction for the criticism of Chinese contemporary literature in the period of historical transformation. The development of evaluation provides an important practice guide and model template.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.6
本文编号：2234089
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese literary criticism and the development of modern Chinese society and history are mutually reinforcing. They are interdependent and united in the great practice of the development of Chinese modernization history. At the same time, in the special practice of the blending of literary criticism and the historical development of modern society, the Critics'life path, personal experience, literary standpoint, ideological viewpoint and critical practice are constantly adjusting the value orientation and practical direction of criticism in line with the development of modern society and the needs of the realistic context, which fully demonstrates Therefore, the essential attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism must be practical. The study of the practical attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism is carried out from the theoretical perspective of Marxist pragmatism. The essence of the practical attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism. It is characterized by its social value, that is, whether literary creation, literary thought and literary phenomena participate in social practice, produce practical utility as the criterion of criticism value, focus on problems as the prominent performance, social criticism and experiential criticism as the specific form of criticism. It is in the context of national crisis, political struggle and social revolution that modern Chinese literary criticism is bound to carry a series of practical attributes, such as sociality, purposefulness, utilitarianism, practicality, instrumentality and realism. In other words, the relationship between social discourse and modern literary criticism is a kind of practical mutual construction and specific. The social context at the historical stage not only constitutes the practical needs of modern Chinese literary criticism, but also leads to the occurrence of the modernity of its practical essential attributes. The inheritance of the classical theory of "literature carries the Tao" in the ancient literary theory tradition is a kind of conscious continuation of the standpoint of practical attribute, while the reference of various western literary and artistic trends adheres to the method and means of "taking the doctrine" in the principle of pragmatism. In the practice of modern Chinese literary criticism, the first issue is to be made. Being born is a practical transformation of the subject status of modern Chinese literary criticism. Compared with the concern of ancient Chinese intellectuals for "knowledge", the critics in modern Chinese literature devote themselves more to the revolutionary practice of social and historical transformation than to the attitude of the intellectuals in the western world. To a certain extent, it also constructs the historic transformation of the subject identity of modern Chinese literary criticism from "knowing" to "doing". Problematic focus is the prominent manifestation of the practice attribute of modern Chinese literary criticism, and many problems in the process of the development of social and historical modernity in China make it possible for the subject identity of modern Chinese literary criticism to change from "knowing" to "doing". In the history of modern Chinese literature, many literary debates and criticisms by different literary trends are mostly question-based criticism. The difference is that literary debates are more prominent in the form of spears between different ideas and literary tendencies. Shield antagonism, game competition, and the literary trend of thought seems to pay more attention to the internal law of the development of literature, but also to the discovery of the main criticism and the problem-solving of the process of criticism. To undertake the historical and political mission of enlightenment and national salvation, it must maintain a close and complementary relationship with the objective reality, face the spiritual burden of thousands of years of Chinese feudal culture and feudal ethics and morals, and face the historical responsibility of the nation's survival and death, it will inevitably show a clear ideological, realistic, political nature. At the same time, experiential criticism enters into criticism practice from the perspective of life experience neglected by social criticism. It emphasizes that literary criticism should reflect social life through the self-consciousness and spiritual experience of the subject of criticism, evaluate literary phenomena and focus on social problems in a more "hidden" way. The experiential criticism is not only a contradictory existence opposed to the problem criticism, but also a special existence of its perceptual form and its artistic charm to make up for some shortcomings of the problem criticism. Thus, the mutual tension between the two constitutes a dynamic structure in the process of the enlightenment and development of the modernity of Chinese literature. It shows the distinct characteristics of Chinese literary criticism, has rich meaning connotation and abundant vitality, once again demonstrates the function and value of Chinese literary criticism, and in a sense establishes the basic mode of Chinese modern and contemporary literary criticism and even becomes the guiding direction for the criticism of Chinese contemporary literature in the period of historical transformation. The development of evaluation provides an important practice guide and model template.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.6
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