长春市三甲综合医院护士亚健康现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 02:20

本文选题：护士　切入点：亚健康　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的: 本研究调查了长春市4所三甲综合医院护士亚健康现状，在此基础上分析了护士亚健康的影响因素，深入探讨了长春市三甲综合医院护士的基本资料、锻炼情况、饮食情况、压力情况、工作情况等因素与亚健康之间的关系，为相关部门采取针对性的干预措施以及为亚健康相关研究提供一定的依据与参考。方法: 通过文献调研，，检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普、PubMed等国内主要外数据库，系统地查阅了关于亚健康的相关文献，为本研究的开展奠定了理论和方法学依据。本研究主要采用《亚健康评定量表》(SHMSV1.0)和《亚健康影响因素评定量表》进行现场调查，采用整群随机抽样的方法，以长春市4家三甲综合医院500名护士为研究对象，共发放500份问卷。主要调查分析了护士亚健康现状及影响因素。利用Epidate3.0建立数据库。数据录入采用双录入的方法。使用SPSS18.0进行数据处理，首先，对计量资料进行正态性检验和方差齐性检验，在服从正态分布和方差齐的前提下，两组均数的比较应用t检验进行处理，多组均数的比较先应用方差分析，然后用LSD法进行两两比较，均以P0.05为有统计学意义，进而深入研究护士亚健康现状及影响因素。结果： 1.调查对象的亚健康状态评分生理亚健康子量表中得分最高的条目是食欲情况（3.47±0.94），得分最低的是眼睛舒适（2.85±0.91）；心理亚健康子量表中得分最高的条目是不感到孤独（3.65±1.06），得分最低的是感到精神放松（2.79±0.95）；社会亚健康子量表中得分最高的是需要帮助时能得到帮助支持情况（3.81±0.90），得分最低的是遇到困难时主动寻求帮助（3.19±0.87）；所有条目中得分最高的前五位分别为：需要帮助时能得到帮助支持（3.81±0.90）、能较快适应新的生活（3.74±0.78）、不感到孤独（3.65±1.06）、能妥善处理好工作生活（3.65±0.81）、与同事朋友关系密切（3.58±0.93）；得分最低的前五项为：感到精神放松（2.79±0.95）、眼睛舒适（2.85±0.91）、感到心情好（2.94±0.92）、胃肠功能（2.98±0.97）、头部舒适（3.01±0.92）；综合比较三个子量表的得分情况：社会亚健康得分（28.35±4.55）、心理亚健康得分（26.18±5.88）、生理亚健康得分（25.57±5.16）。 2.亚健康检出情况 416名调查对象中，74.5%的护士处于亚健康状态，另外76.7%的护士处于生理亚健康状态；65.6%的护士处于心理亚健康状态；62.5%的护士处于社会亚健康的状态。 3.调查对象的亚健康状态的影响因素分析 3.1人口学因素对亚健康的影响性别为社会亚健康得分和亚健康总分的影响因素，男性社会亚健康、总体亚健康的总分较女性高（P 0.05）；护龄为护士心理亚健康得分和总体亚健康得分的影响因素（P 0.05）；职称为生理、心理、社会亚健康得分和亚健康总分的影响因素（P 0.05）；科室是护士的生理、心理、社会亚健康得分及亚健康总分的影响因素（P 0.05）；月收入为生理亚健康得分的影响因素（P 0.05）；聘用形式为生理、心理和亚健康总分的影响因素（P 0.05）。 3.2体育锻炼对亚健康的影响 416名调查对象中，193（46.4%）人每周偶尔参加体育锻炼，188（45.2%）人从不参加体育锻炼（45.2%）；306（73.6%）人每周锻炼持续时间在1小时以内；210（50.5%）人每天做家务时间保持在1小时以内，96(23.1%)人做家务时间持续在1-2小时。参加体育锻炼/时间、做家务时间为生理、心理、社会亚健康分数和亚健康总分的影响因素（P 0.05）。 3.3饮食情况对亚健康的影响 416名调查对象中，178（42.8%）人每周经常按时用餐，149（35.8%）人偶尔每周按时用餐；142（34.1%）人每周按时吃早餐，127(30.5%)人经常按时吃早餐；186（44.7%）人每天的饮水量为500-1000ml；每周按时吃早餐次数和每天饮水量是护士生理、心理、社会亚健康得分和亚健康总分的影响因素（P 0.05）。 3.4压力情况对亚健康的影响 416名调查对象中，172(41.3%)人每周偶尔担心差错事故，144（34.6%）人经常担心差错事故的发生；140（33.7%）人偶尔感觉晋升压力，119（28.6%）人没有感觉晋升压力；190(45.7%)人偶尔与同事关系紧张，187（45.0%）人没有与同事关系紧张的情况；199（47.8%）人偶尔感觉生活压力，119（28.6%）人经常感觉生活压力。每周担心差错事故的发生、晋职压力、同事关系紧张、感觉生活压力、感觉家庭压力程度情况是护士生理、心理、社会亚健康得分和亚健康总分的影响因素（P0.05）。 3.5工作情况对亚健康的影响 416名调查对象中，每周工作时间40-44小时的护士173(41.6%)人；45小时以上166（39.9%）人；240（57.7%）人偶尔加班；261（62.7%）人偶尔值夜班。每周工作时间、每周值夜班次数是护士生理、心理和亚健康总分的影响因素（P0.05）；每周加班次数是护士生理、心理、社会亚健康和亚健康总分的影响因素（P0.05）。结论本次调查研究对象的亚健康状态处于较高水平，即健康状态不容乐观，生理亚健康状态相对普遍，其次是心理亚健康状态，最后是社会亚健康状态。亚健康的影响因素：性别、职称、科室、聘用形式、体育锻炼次数和时间、做家务时间、按时用餐和吃早餐情况、每日饮水量情况、担心差错事故程度、同事关系紧张程度、生活及晋职压力、工作及加班时间。
[Abstract]:Purpose :

This study investigated the status of sub - health status of nurses in the four hospitals in Changchun . On the basis of this , the factors influencing the sub - health of nurses were analyzed , and the relationship between the factors such as basic data , exercise condition , diet , stress and working conditions of nurses in Sanjia Comprehensive Hospital of Changchun City were discussed in detail .

Method :

According to the literature investigation , the main foreign databases such as the Chinese knowledge network , the Wanfang database , the Weipu , and the main foreign databases are searched , and the related literatures about the sub - health are systematically reviewed , which lays a theoretical and methodological basis for the research .

A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to 500 nurses in 4 Sanjia Comprehensive Hospital of Changchun City . The present status and influencing factors of nurses were analyzed .

In this paper , we use the method of double entry for data entry . First of all , we use SPSS 18.0 for data processing . First of all , we use t test and variance analysis to make the comparison between the two groups , and then use LSD method to compare the two groups , and then study the status quo and influencing factors of nurses ' sub - health .

Results :

1 . Sub - health status score of the survey object

The highest score in the physiological sub - health sub - scale was appetite ( 3.47 卤 0.94 ) , with the lowest score ( 2.85 卤 0.91 ) .
The highest score in the mental sub - health sub - scale was not lonely ( 3.65 卤 1.06 ) , and the lowest score was mental relaxation ( 2.79 卤 0.95 ) ;
The highest score in the sub - scale of social sub - health was the help support ( 3.81 卤 0.90 ) , and the lowest score was the initiative seeking help ( 3.19 卤 0.87 ) .
The top five of the highest scores in all the entries were as follows : Help support ( 3.81 卤 0.90 ) can be obtained when the help is needed . It can adapt quickly to the new life ( 3.74 卤 0.78 ) . It doesn ' t feel lonely ( 3.65 卤 1.06 ) . It can properly handle the working life ( 3.65 卤 0.81 ) . It is close to the colleague ' s friend ( 3.58 卤 0.93 ) .
The lowest score of the score was : the mental relaxation ( 2.79 卤 0.95 ) , the comfort of the eyes ( 2.85 卤 0.91 ) , the feeling of good mood ( 2.94 卤 0.92 ) , the gastrointestinal function ( 2.98 卤 0.97 ) , the head comfort ( 3.01 卤 0.92 ) ;
The scores of three sub - scales were compared : social sub - health score ( 28.35 卤 4.55 ) , psychological sub - health score ( 26.18 卤 5.88 ) and physiological sub - health score ( 25.57 卤 5.16 ) .

2 . Sub - health Check - out

Of 416 respondents , 74.5 % of nurses were in sub - health , and 76.7 % of nurses were in physiological sub - health status ;
65.6 % of nurses were in mental health status ;
62.5 % of nurses are in a state of social sub - health .

3 . Analysis of factors affecting the sub - health status of subjects

3.1 Influence of demographic factors on sub - health

The total score of sub - health and overall sub - health of male was higher than that of women ( P 0.05 ) .
Influence factors of nurses ' mental health score and overall sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) ;
The title refers to the influence factors of physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) ;
The department was the physiological , psychological , social and sub - health score of nurses and the influencing factors of sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) .
The monthly income was the influencing factor of the physiological sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) .
The employment form was the factor of physiology , psychology and sub - health ( P 0.05 ) .

3.2 Effect of physical exercise on sub - health

Of 416 respondents , 193 ( 46.4 % ) participated in physical exercise every week , 188 ( 45.2 % ) never participated in physical exercise ( 45.2 % ) ;
306 ( 73.6 % ) the duration of each week ' s exercise was within 1 hour ;
210 ( 50.5 % ) people do housework every day within 1 hour , 96 ( 23.1 % ) do the housework for 1 - 2 hours . Take physical exercise / time , do the housework time is the factor of physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health total score ( P 0.05 ) .

3.3 Effect of diet on sub - health

Of the 416 respondents , 178 ( 42.8 per cent ) had regular meals per week , 149 ( 35.8 per cent ) had occasional meals per week ;
142 ( 34.1 per cent ) had breakfast on time , 127 ( 30.5 per cent ) had regular breakfast on time ;
186 ( 44.7 % ) people drink 500 - 1000 ml of water per day ;
The number of times of breakfast and drinking water per day were the factors that affect the physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health score of nurses ( P 0.05 ) .

3.4 Effect of pressure conditions on sub - health

Of 416 respondents , 172 ( 41.3 % ) were occasionally worried about error accidents , 144 ( 36.6 % ) often worried about the occurrence of error accidents ;
140 ( 33.7 % ) people occasionally feel the promotion pressure , 119 ( 28.6 % ) people do not feel the promotion pressure ;
190 ( 45.7 per cent ) persons were occasionally associated with colleagues and 187 ( 45.0 per cent ) were not in tension with their colleagues ;
199 ( 47.8 % ) people occasionally feel the pressure of life , 119 ( 28.6 % ) people often feel the pressure of life . Weekly concerns about the occurrence of error accidents , the pressure of promotion , the tension of colleagues , the feeling of life pressure , the feeling of family stress level is the influencing factor of nurses ' physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health total score ( P0.05 ) .

3.5 Impact of work conditions on sub - health

Among 416 respondents , 173 ( 41.6 % ) of nurses worked for 40 - 44 hours a week ;
166 ( 39.9 % ) persons over 45 hours ;
240 ( 57.7 % ) worked overtime occasionally ;
261 ( 62.7 % ) were occasionally night shift . The weekly working time , the number of weekly duty shift were the influencing factors of nurses ' physiological , psychological and sub - health scores ( P0.05 ) ;
The number of overtime work week was the influencing factor of nurses ' physiology , psychology , social sub - health and sub - health total score ( P0.05 ) .

Conclusion

The sub - health status of the investigated subjects is at a higher level , that is , the health status is not optimistic , the physiological sub - health status is relatively common , the second is the mental subhealth status , and finally is the sub - health status of the society . The effect factors of sub - health include sex , title , department , employment form , physical training times and time , daily meals and breakfast , daily drinking water situation , fear of error accident degree , colleague relationship tension degree , life and promotion pressure , work and overtime time .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R47

【参考文献】