细菌固有耐药的研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-15 21:43

本文选题：固有耐药 + 隐性耐药基因　；参考：《遗传》2016年10期

【摘要】：人们以往大多只关注由敏感细菌通过基因水平转移和自发突变方式获得的耐药性,而忽略了细菌对某类抗生素天然耐药的重要特性,细菌的这种特性又被称为固有耐药。固有耐药由固有耐药基因决定,这类基因是指存在于某类细菌染色体上位置保守的与耐药相关的一类基因。近年来,对固有耐药基因的研究已经越来越受到重视。固有耐药基因的发现不仅可以为新药研制提供药物作用靶标,而且通过阻断病原菌固有耐药基因还可使以往对该类菌不起作用的抗生素药物重新焕发抗菌活性。此外,已有研究表明固有耐药基因能够被移动元件捕获进而可水平转移至其他细菌,因此通过监测固有耐药基因可以预测耐药菌的出现。本文对传统的细菌固有耐药机制包括细胞膜的低渗透性和多药外排泵系统,以及已知重要病原菌的转移酶和代谢相关酶的固有耐药机制进行了介绍。同时,进一步对隐性固有耐药基因的特性进行了阐释,最后探讨了固有耐药与获得性耐药的进化关系,指出固有耐药基因很可能是一些获得性耐药基因的来源。
[Abstract]:In the past, most people only paid attention to drug resistance obtained by gene level transfer and spontaneous mutation of sensitive bacteria, but ignored the important characteristic of natural resistance of bacteria to certain antibiotics, which is also called inherent drug resistance.Intrinsic drug resistance is determined by inherent drug resistance genes, which refer to a class of genes associated with drug resistance that are conserved on the chromosomes of certain bacteria.In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of intrinsic drug resistance genes.The discovery of inherent resistance genes can not only provide a target for the development of new drugs, but also reactivate the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics that did not act on these bacteria by blocking the inherent resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria.In addition, studies have shown that innate resistance genes can be captured by moving elements and transferred horizontally to other bacteria, so the emergence of drug resistant bacteria can be predicted by monitoring inherent resistance genes.In this paper, the traditional mechanisms of bacterial intrinsic drug resistance, including low permeability of cell membrane and multidrug efflux pump system, as well as the intrinsic drug resistance mechanisms of transferase and metabolism-related enzymes of known important pathogens were introduced.At the same time, the characteristics of recessive inherent drug resistance genes were further explained. Finally, the evolutionary relationship between intrinsic and acquired drug resistance was discussed, and it was pointed out that inherent drug resistance genes might be the source of some acquired drug resistance genes.
【作者单位】：中国科学院微生物研究所微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31500061)资助~~
【分类号】：R446.5

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