基于充气式无创血压测量算法的研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 02:14

  本文选题：充气测量 + 小波变换　； 参考：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：血压是人体重要生理指标之一,在疾病诊断、治疗效果的观察以及反映人体心血管功能的状况上提供着重要的依据。有很多关于心血管系统的信息,比如外周阻力、心率、血容量、血管壁弹性、以及血液物理状态等,都与血压有着密切关系。在家庭监测中采用电子血压计进行测量,对心血管异常事件的预防有着重要的帮助。 目前的血压测量方法分为有创法与无创法。有创法即国际认定的金标准,这样的测量方式最为准确,但是极不方便,一般限用于危重病人或开腔手术病人。无创法简便易操作,在临床上得到了广泛的应用。而在无创血压测量方法中,袖带气压式测量法其理论成熟且利于实现,成为血压计制造商的首选。传统袖带气压测量法是在上臂缠绕袖带并在袖带放气的过程中进行血压测量。本文所讨论的是在腕部缠绕袖带,并在袖带充气的过程中测量血压,基于腕部方式的血压计相对上臂式血压计其价格低廉、使用方便,是一种理想的自助式监测设备。 本论文基于腕部充气的方法测量血压,在血压的信号采集、处理与结果验证中做了如下工作： 1.运用袖带内的MPXV5050GP压力传感器采集静压力与脉搏波的混合袖带压,并将此信号传输至上位机(计算机)。 2.详细分析了基于小波变换的脉搏波预处理方法,首先针对脉搏波的信号特点选取小波基,其次采用小波阈值去噪法来去除脉搏波噪声,阈值去噪法分别采用强制去噪方法、默认阈值去噪方法与给定阈值去噪方法对模拟信号去噪处理并得出信噪比对比结果,选出最佳去噪方法来去除采集的袖带压混合信号,并完成脉搏波与袖带静压力的分离。 3.采用阈值法提取脉搏波的峰值特征点,并设定阈值排除峰值干扰点。对去除干扰的脉搏波峰值点进行高斯曲线拟合,对比了一次高斯拟合、二次高斯拟合、双直线拟合法,并选定最佳拟合曲线来完成脉搏波峰值包络线的绘制。 4.对原始幅度系数法进行了算法改进,更精确的找出幅度比例系数对应的收缩压、舒张压位置,并完成收缩压、舒张压的计算。由概率统计学知识验证本方法所得收缩压、舒张压的结果的准确性。
[Abstract]:Blood pressure is one of the important physiological indicators of the human body. It provides an important basis for the diagnosis of disease, the observation of the effect of treatment and the condition of reflecting the cardiovascular function of the human body. There are many information about the cardiovascular system, such as peripheral resistance, heart rate, blood volume, blood vessel wall elasticity, and the physical state of blood, which are closely related to blood pressure. The use of electronic sphygmomanometer in family monitoring is of great help to the prevention of cardiovascular abnormalities.
The current blood pressure measurement methods are divided into the invasive method and the non invasive method. The invasive method is the international recognized gold standard, which is the most accurate, but extremely inconvenient, the general limit is used for the critical patients or the operation patients. The noninvasive method is easy to operate, and has been widely used in clinical. The traditional cuff pressure measurement is to measure the blood pressure of the cuff in the wrist and to measure the blood pressure in the process of inflating the cuff and the wrists based on the sphygmomanometer phase. The upper arm type sphygmomanometer is cheap and easy to use. It is an ideal self-service monitoring device.
Based on the method of wrist inflation, we have done the following work in the collection, processing and verification of blood pressure signals.
1. use the MPXV5050GP pressure sensor in the cuff to collect the cuff pressure of static pressure and pulse wave, and transmit the signal to the upper computer (computer).
2. the pulse wave preprocessing method based on wavelet transform is analyzed in detail. Firstly, the wavelet base is selected for the signal characteristics of the pulse wave. Secondly, the wavelet threshold de-noising method is used to remove the pulse wave noise. The threshold de-noising method adopts the coercive denoising method, the default threshold de-noising method and the given threshold de-noising method are used to denoise the analog signals. And the SNR comparison results are obtained, and the best denoising method is selected to remove the collected cuff pressure mixed signal and complete the separation of the pulse wave from the cuff static pressure.
3. the threshold method is used to extract the peak characteristic point of pulse wave, and the threshold is set to exclude the peak interference point. Gauss curve fitting is used to remove the pulse wave peak point of the interference. The first Gauss fitting, the two Gauss fitting, the double line fitting method are compared, and the best fitting curve is selected to complete the drawing of the pulse wave peak envelope.
4. the original amplitude coefficient method was improved, and the systolic pressure, the diastolic pressure position corresponding to the amplitude ratio coefficient and the calculation of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were completed. The accuracy of the results of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure obtained by this method was verified by the knowledge of probability and statistics.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R443.5;TN911.7

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