延边地区孕妇健康状况、保健知识、保健行为的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 22:53

  本文选题：孕妇 + 健康状况　； 参考：《延边大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：描述延边地区孕妇孕期健康状况、保健知识、保健行为的现状；明确社会人口学特征与孕期保健知识及行为的差异；阐述孕妇的健康状况、保健知识、保健行为的相关性并探讨孕妇保健行为的影响因素。为提高延边地区孕妇保健知识、行为和健康状况提供理论依据。 方法：本研究属于非实验性研究中的横断面研究,采用便利抽样方法选取2013年7月在延边妇幼保健院定期检查的孕妇1028人作为研究对象。共发放问卷1100份,收集有效问卷1028份,有效率为92.6%。研究工具包括一般状况调查表,健康状况调查表,保健知识量表,保健行为量表。收集的数据编码核对后录入SPSS21.0后并进行统计分析处理,利用百分率、均数、标准差等描述一般人.口学特征、健康状况,健康状况、保健知识、保健行为的现状；利用T检验、One-Way ANOVA分析保健知识和保健行为在人口统计学上的差异；利用Pearson相关分析研究对象的保健行为、保健知识与健康状况的相关性；运用多元逐步回归对保健行为的影响因素进行分析。 结果： (1)延边地区孕妇自评健康状况平均得分为(4.24±0.952),保健知识平均得分为(10.40±2.829),保健行为得分平均为(28.94±6.578)。 (2)保健知识在年龄、职业、学历、月收入、孕周、分娩经验、抑郁及自评健康状况不同的人群中有统计学差异。年龄在24岁及以下,体力劳动者和无职业者、文化程度在初中以下、家庭月收入少于2000元,孕12周及以下、初产妇、抑郁情绪大于等于13分以及自评健康状况一般及较差的研究对象其健康知识得分较低。 (3)保健行为在不同年龄、职业、学历、家庭月收入、抑郁、自评健康状况的人群中有统计学差异,年龄在25-29岁、高中或中专学历水平以上、家庭月收入2000元以上、抑郁情绪小于13分、自评健康好的研究对象其保健行为得分较好。 (4)保健行为与保健知识、自评健康状况,呈显著正相关,其中保健行为与保健知识的相关性最大,抑郁情绪与保健知识、保健行为、自评健康状况呈显著负相关,其中抑郁情绪与自评健康的相关性最大。 (5)受教育年限、自评健康状况、抑郁、健康教育培训、保健知识共同解释了保健行为17.4%的变异量。 结论： (1)研究对象的自评健康状况得分为(4.24±0.952)分,EPDS≥13的占29.5%,孕妇的自评健康状况得分处于中上等水平,但整体健康水平还有待改善。 (2)研究对象的保健知识得分为(10.40±2.829),孕妇保健知识得分处于中上等水平。保健行为得分平均为(28.94±6.578),保健知识的掌握率同保健行为的形成率有一定差距,保健行为得分有待提高。 (3)年龄在24岁及以下,体力劳动者和无职业者、文化程度在初中以下、家庭月收入少于2000元,孕12周及以下、初产妇、抑郁情绪大于等于13分以及自评健康状况一般及较差的研究对象其健康知识得分较低。年龄在24岁及以下、文化程度在初中以下、家庭月收入少于2000元、抑郁情绪大于等于13分以及自评健康状况一般及较差的研究对象其保健行为得分较低。 (4)孕妇的保健行为与自评健康状况、保健知识呈显著正相关,说明孕妇自评健康状况越高,保健知识掌握越好,保健行为水平也越高；抑郁同自评健康状况、保健知识、保健行为显著负相关,说明孕妇抑郁情绪越大,研究对象的自评健康状况越差,保健知识及行为水平越低。 (5)受教育年限、自评健康状况、抑郁、健康教育培训、知识水平是保健行为的影响因素。提示在健康教育中应重视受教育年限较低的孕妇,有的放矢进行孕产期保健教育,同时加强孕妇的心理疏导,以促进孕妇保健知识和行为,维持孕妇良好的健康状况。
[Abstract]:Objective : To describe the status of health status , health knowledge and health care behavior of pregnant women in Yanbian region .
To clarify the difference between social demographic characteristics and health knowledge and behavior during pregnancy ;
This paper describes the relationship between health status , health knowledge and health behavior of pregnant women and discusses the influencing factors of pregnant women ' s health behavior .

Methods : The study was a cross - sectional study in the non - experimental study . Using the convenient sampling method , 1028 pregnant women were selected as the subjects . The total effective rate was 92.6 % . The research tools include general condition questionnaire , health questionnaire , health knowledge scale and health behavior scale . The research tools include general condition questionnaire , health questionnaire , health - care knowledge scale and health - care behavior scale .
Using T test , One - Way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of health knowledge and health behavior in demographics ;
Pearson correlation was used to study the correlation between health behavior , health knowledge and health status of subjects .
The influencing factors of health behavior were analyzed by means of multiple stepwise regression .

Results :

( 1 ) The self - assessment health status of pregnant women in Yanbian area is divided into ( 4.24 卤 0.952 ) , the average score of health knowledge is ( 10.40 卤 2.829 ) , and the average health behavior score is ( 28.94 卤 6.578 ) .

( 2 ) The health knowledge is different in age , occupation , educational background , monthly income , pregnancy week , birth experience , depression and self - rating health status . The age is below 24 years and below , physical and non - professional , the degree of culture is below the junior high school , the monthly income of the family is less than 2000 yuan , the pregnancy is 12 weeks and less , the junior high rate , the depression mood is more than or equal to 13 points and the self - assessment health status generally and the poor research object has lower health knowledge score .

( 3 ) The health - care behavior was statistically different among the people with different ages , occupation , educational background , family month income , depression and self - assessment health status . The age ranged from 25 to 29 years old , high school or secondary college education level or above , family monthly income was more than 2000 yuan , depression emotion was less than 13 points , and self - evaluation healthy research object had better health behavior score .

( 4 ) Health - care behavior and health - care knowledge , self - assessment health status , positive correlation , among which health - care behavior and health - care knowledge have the greatest correlation , depression emotion and health - care knowledge , health - care behavior , self - assessment state of health have a significant negative correlation , among which the correlation between depression emotion and self - assessment health is greatest .

( 5 ) The age of education , self - assessment health status , depression , health education training and health knowledge have explained the variance of 17.4 % of health behavior .

Conclusion :

( 1 ) The self - evaluation health status of the study was divided into ( 4.24 卤 0.952 ) , EPDS 鈮，

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