人体上肢肌痉挛定量评估装置研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 06:40

本文选题：康复工程 + 上肢　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：痉挛是一种因脑损伤引起的后遗症,其产生原因是脑部神经及下部反射回路的损伤,引起大脑对肌肉控制的异常,在临床上的表现为肌张力的升高以及突然的反射。目前,每年因脑卒中问题而致死的人数众多,即使病人被抢救回来,也会因后遗症—痉挛,导致残疾,这不仅给患者带来了痛苦,也给患者家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。随着生活水平的提高,人们对生活质量有更高的要求,也迫使研究人员针对痉挛问题研究出各种解决办法。本文以痉挛的定量评定为目标,在对现有的评定方法做了充分研究之后,设计了一款用于上肢痉挛定量评定的设备,本研究的主要内容涉及到：1.研究了痉挛的形成原因和临床表现,阐述了现有康复技术在痉挛康复治疗和痉挛评估中使用的现状。2.分析、评估了现有评定方法的优缺点,依照痉挛的临床表现特征制定一种痉挛的定量评估方案。3.以人机工程为基础,对所制定的定量评估方案配套使用的评估装置做了结构设计。在结构设计中,确定了采用编码器和扭矩传感器作为病人病态特征的感应部件；同时采用步进电机和电动推杆作为调节装置,以适应不同病人体态、身高的需求；为保证测量的准确性和装置运行的稳定,对关键部件和结构做了平衡仿真和变形分析;同时为保证装置运转的安全性,在结构中设置了多级保护装置,保护病人的安全。4.设计了一套上、下位机控制系统。通过在控制端输入速度、力、角度等值,可以控制设备运行过程中的各项参数;在设备运行过程中,控制器收集到的扭矩、角度等参数可以实时传递至显示器,方便检测者随时监测检测过程。目前还没有一种应用于临床上的痉挛定量评估设备,所以本装置具有很大的创新性。在痉挛的检测评定方面,降低了医疗人员的工作强度,提高了检测效率,同时由于定量评估可以参数化描述病人的痉挛程度,具有客观性、通用性,这也提高了检测的准确程度。
[Abstract]:Spasticity is a kind of sequelae caused by brain injury, which is caused by the injury of the nerve and the lower reflex circuit of the brain and the abnormal control of the muscle. The clinical manifestation of spasm is the increase of muscle tension and the sudden reflex. At present, a large number of people die from stroke every year, even if the patient is rescued, but also because of sequelae-spasms, resulting in disability, which not only brought pain to patients, but also to the family and society of patients with a heavy burden. With the improvement of living standards, people have higher demands on quality of life, forcing researchers to develop solutions to spasms. In this paper, the quantitative evaluation of spasm is the target. After a full study of the existing evaluation methods, a new equipment for quantitative evaluation of upper limb spasm is designed. The main content of this study is about 1: 1. The causes and clinical manifestations of spasticity were studied, and the present situation of the use of rehabilitation techniques in the treatment and evaluation of spasm was described. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing evaluation methods were analyzed and evaluated. According to the clinical manifestations of spasm, a quantitative evaluation scheme of spasm was established. On the basis of ergonomics, the evaluation device used in the quantitative evaluation scheme is designed. In the structural design, the encoder and torque sensor are used as the inductive parts of the patient's pathological feature, and the stepper motor and the electric push rod are used as the adjusting device to meet the needs of different patients' posture and height. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement and the stability of the device, the balance simulation and deformation analysis of the key components and structures are made, and in order to ensure the safety of the device, a multistage protective device is set up in the structure to protect the safety of the patients. A set of upper and lower computer control system is designed. Through the input speed, force and angle equivalent at the control end, the parameters in the operation process of the equipment can be controlled, while the torque and angle collected by the controller can be transmitted to the display in real time. It is convenient for the tester to monitor the testing process at any time. At present, there is no clinical quantitative evaluation equipment for spasticity, so this device has great innovation. In the aspect of testing and evaluation of spasms, the working intensity of medical personnel is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved. At the same time, quantitative evaluation can parameterize the degree of spasticity of patients, so it is objective and universal. This also improves the accuracy of the detection.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R743.3;R496

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