重庆地区307例VAP病原菌构成及预后分析
发布时间:2018-08-24 19:17
【摘要】:目的:探讨重庆地区重症监护病房(Intensive Care Unit, ICU)呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP)病原菌构成及预后相关因素分析,为临床预防和诊治提供参考。方法:对重庆市三家医院2011年1月-2014年10月重症监护病房962例机械通气患者,回顾性分析307例VAP患者的病原菌分布特点,并收集其年龄、性别、吸烟史、VAP发生时间、侵袭性操作次数、插管次数、气管切开、APACHE Ⅱ评分、CPIS评分、CHALSON评分及预后等资料。对预后相关因素采用单因素分析,若P0.05,再采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:962例机械通气患者中确诊为VAP 307例,其中,COPD 112例、颅脑疾患或术后102例、脓毒血症或休克65例、心肺复苏13例、重症胰腺炎或消化道出血8例、重度哮喘7例。痰培养共分离出病原菌367株,其中G-菌78.26%、G+菌10.30%、真菌11.44%;G-菌为主要致病菌,前3位依次为鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单孢菌、肺炎克雷伯,G+菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,真菌感染率呈逐年上升趋势,以念珠菌为主,其次为曲霉菌。病原菌药敏试验结果显示多重耐药菌株(Multidrug resistant, MDR)为主,占78.5%,敏感菌株占18.28%,泛耐药菌株3.22%。经验性抗生素治疗72小时内缓解率为7.52%,其中首选氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类、碳青霉烯类单独或联合使用80%以上。本组研究中VAP发生率为31.91%,死亡率为62.54%。VAP预后相关的因素有年龄、吸烟史、APACHE Ⅱ、CPIS、CHALSON及气管切开等,其中APACHE Ⅱ、CPIS相关性最高,而性别、VAP发生时间、插管次数、侵袭性操作次数对预后无显著意义。针对本组VAP死亡率较高,真菌感染增加的现象,主要考虑与患者的基础疾病、免疫、营养及感染严重程度相关。因此,针对性使用敏感抗生素、增强免疫、加强营养等综合治疗,同时加强手卫生及目标监测,提早预防、早期诊断及合适治疗,从而减少VAP发生、改善预后。结论:VAP发生率为31.91%,死亡率为62.54%。病原菌分布以G-菌为主,真菌感染呈逐年上升趋势。病原菌药敏试验提示以MDR菌株为主,经验性抗生素治疗缓解率较低,常需联合用药。VAP预后相关因素有年龄、吸烟史、APACHE Ⅱ、CPIS、CHALSON及气管切开等,主要与患者基础疾病、感染严重程度密切相关。采取综合治疗、监测管理,同时加强预防、早期诊断及合适治疗是临床防治VAP的关键。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pathogenic bacteria composition and prognostic factors of (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) ventilator-associated pneumonia (Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP) in Chongqing intensive care unit (ICU), and to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 962 patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit from January 2011 to October 2014 in three hospitals of Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in 307 patients with VAP was analyzed retrospectively, and their age, sex and smoking history were collected. Invasive operations, intubation times, Apache 鈪,
本文编号:2201777
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pathogenic bacteria composition and prognostic factors of (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) ventilator-associated pneumonia (Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP) in Chongqing intensive care unit (ICU), and to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 962 patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit from January 2011 to October 2014 in three hospitals of Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in 307 patients with VAP was analyzed retrospectively, and their age, sex and smoking history were collected. Invasive operations, intubation times, Apache 鈪,
本文编号:2201777
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