产业精准扶贫作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 16:55

本文关键词： 产业扶贫作用机制精准扶贫　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在精准扶贫的国家战略下,产业扶贫被赋予了新的内涵,承担起贫困户的"造血"功能,成为精准扶贫的核心,本文将其概括为"产业精准扶贫"。与已有研究不同,文章以产业精准扶贫与传统产业扶贫的区别以及产业精准扶贫怎样发挥作用这一科学问题为研究对象,综合运用了实地观察法、问卷调查法和深度访谈法,从微观尺度研究产业精准扶贫的作用机制。研究表明:(1)与传统产业扶贫停留在村一级或者大户层面不同,产业精准扶贫将产业透过村庄到农户,而且与贫困户的土地、资本和劳动力等生产要素有机地结合起来。(2)产业精准扶贫作用机制是通过利益相关方共同对土地、资本和劳动力等生产要素进行匹配的过程。产业精准扶贫突显了贫困户的主体性作用,着重强调贫困户自身拥有的土地、劳动力要素的参与,真正建构了多主体、多要素参与的长效机制。(3)产业精准扶贫是一个共同参与的过程。农户或是入股、务工或是自己发展产业,积极参与到农业生产中,通过政府引导、企业管理、村两委参与,促进贫困户参与在生产过程中,就产业过程中的事项达成共识,促进了贫困户的公民精神培育、实用技术掌握和思想观念转变。(4)产业精准扶贫是实现贫困人口增收发展的有效路径,但仍需注意风险防患。扶贫信息发布、帮扶单位责任人等扶贫利益相关者的组织和传播,为企业和社会资本进入贫困村奠定基础,但是,也相应地增加了产品销售问题和产业自然灾害的风险,产业贴补和金融扶持政策的稳定性也会影响产业精准扶贫的运行和成效。因此,要相应地加强对扶贫产业风险的预警,规避和降低产业扶贫风险。
[Abstract]:Under the national strategy of precision poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation is endowed with new connotation, which takes on the function of "hematopoiesis" of poor households and becomes the core of precision poverty alleviation. This paper generalizes it as "industrial precision poverty alleviation". Different from the existing research, the paper focuses on the scientific issue of the difference between industrial precision poverty alleviation and traditional industry poverty alleviation and how industry precision poverty alleviation can play its role. Comprehensive use of field observation, questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. The research shows that the mechanism of precision poverty alleviation in industry is different from that in traditional industries at the village level or at the level of large households. Industry precision poverty alleviation will pass industry through villages to farmers. And with the poor households of land, capital and labor and other factors of production organically combined. 2) the industrial precision poverty reduction mechanism is through stakeholders to land. The process of matching production factors such as capital and labor force. The industrial precision poverty alleviation highlights the main role of poor households, with emphasis on the land owned by the poor households and the participation of labor factors. The real construction of multi-agent, multi-factor participation of long-term mechanism. 3) Precision poverty alleviation industry is a process of joint participation. Farmers either into shares, workers or their own development of the industry, actively participate in agricultural production. Through the guidance of the government, enterprise management, village committee participation, promote the poor households to participate in the production process, on the industrial process of reaching a consensus, promoting the cultivation of the spirit of the poor citizens. Practical technology mastery and ideological change. 4) Precision poverty alleviation is an effective way to increase the income and development of the poor population, but it is still necessary to pay attention to risk prevention and poverty alleviation information release. The organization and dissemination of pro-poor stakeholders, such as those responsible for helping units, lay the foundation for enterprises and social capital to enter poor villages, but it also increases the risk of product sales and industrial natural disasters. The stability of industry subsidies and financial support policies will also affect the operation and effectiveness of industry poverty alleviation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the early warning of the industrial risk of poverty alleviation and to avoid and reduce the risk of industry poverty alleviation.
【作者单位】：南昌大学公共管理学院;南昌大学江西扶贫发展研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“多中心理论视域下中国空心村治理结构及其影响机理”(批准号:41561041) 江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地招标项目(批准号:JD1502)
【分类号】：F321.1
【正文快照】： 消除贫困,改善民生,实现共同富裕,是社会主义的本质要求[1]。我国的农村扶贫工作从20世纪80年代开始至今大致经历了四个阶段,每个阶段产业扶贫的政策和重点各有不同,扶贫战略从区域扶贫逐渐向精准扶贫转变:第一个阶段从1978到1985年,这个阶段称之为体制改革推动扶贫阶段;第二

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