中国出口产业的空间格局演变

发布时间：2018-03-06 03:36

本文选题：贸易　切入点：出口　出处：《经济地理》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：利用2000—2011年中国海关贸易数据库两位数出口数据研究了我国出口企业地理格局的演变。研究结果表明:我国出口企业空间集聚程度较高,主要集中于东部沿海地区,但2000—2006年多类出口产业的空间基尼系数有所降低,其中原材料类产业的空间基尼系数下降较大,劳动密集型次之,技术密集型产业下降较小甚至稍有增加。从城市尺度看,这一阶段出口产业的空间扩散效应明显,2000—2006年原材料类产业从中西部城市转移到东部沿海城市,劳动密集型产业由沿海城市群核心城市向城市群外围城市扩散。技术密集型产业主要集聚于沿海城市群核心城市,空间扩散表现为由珠三角核心城市向长三角核心城市转移。2007—2011年技术密集型产业由沿海城市群核心城市向外围城市扩散,中西部地区省会城市在出口中的比重明显提升,最终我国出口产品的生产主要集中于东部地区主要城市群及中西部地区省会城市。通过计量模型初步发现,新贸易理论及新经济地理学理论对我国出口企业的区位选择及空间分布有较强的解释力,本地市场规模越大,越有利于具有规模报酬递增的企业获得出口优势。中西部地区的出口除了受到本地市场规模的影响外,劳动密集型出口产业的增长还受到了劳动力要素禀赋的影响。人力资本较高的地区往往具有较高的工资水平,这会挤出出口企业。地方政府的招商引资政策、开发区政策等促进了出口的增长,尤其是技术密集型出口产业的增长。但地方政府税收力度过大会降低出口企业选择该地的可能性,并阻碍出口企业的发展。
[Abstract]:Using the double-digit export data of China Customs Trade Database from 2000 to 2011, this paper studies the evolution of the geographical pattern of China's export enterprises. The results show that the degree of spatial agglomeration of Chinese export enterprises is relatively high, which is mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. However, from 2000 to 2006, the spatial Gini coefficient of many kinds of export industries decreased somewhat. Among them, the spatial Gini coefficient of raw materials industry decreased more than that of labor-intensive industries, and that of technology-intensive industries decreased slightly or even slightly increased. The spatial diffusion effect of export industry in this period is obvious. From 2000 to 2006, the raw material industry transferred from the central and western cities to the eastern coastal cities. The labor-intensive industries spread from the core cities of the coastal urban agglomeration to the peripheral cities of the urban agglomeration, and the technology-intensive industries mainly concentrated in the core cities of the coastal urban agglomerations. From 2007 to 2011, the technology intensive industries spread from the core cities of the coastal urban agglomeration to the peripheral cities, and the proportion of the provincial capital cities in the central and western regions in the export increased obviously. Finally, the production of China's export products is mainly concentrated in the main urban agglomerations in the eastern region and the provincial capitals in the central and western regions. The new trade theory and the new economic geography theory can explain the location choice and spatial distribution of Chinese export enterprises. The larger the local market is, the bigger the local market is. The more favorable it is for enterprises with increasing returns on scale to gain export advantages. In addition to being affected by the size of the local market, exports in the central and western regions are affected by the scale of the local market. The growth of labor-intensive export industries is also affected by labor factor endowments. Areas with higher human capital tend to have higher wage levels, which will crowd out export enterprises. The development zone policy has promoted export growth, especially in technology-intensive export industries.
【作者单位】：北京大学城市与环境学院;北京大学—林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心;
【分类号】：F199.9

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