国际石油产业链中的上下游企业定价问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 05:08

本文选题：石油企业　切入点：所有制　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年,随着我国经济的快速发展,国内市场对原油等大宗商品的需求不断扩大,中国已成为全球第二大原油进口和消费国家。作为垄断着这一庞大消费市场的中国石油企业,在下游市场上炼油部门长期处于亏损状态并从政府手中获取巨额补贴,而上游市场与原油供应企业进行价格等谈判时也一度处于弱势地位,企业国际竞争力不强这一问题一直困扰着中国石油行业。本文通过考察国际石油产业链的上下游市场结构建立相应数理模型并加以推导,分析封闭或开放市场环境下,下游石油企业的所有制结构对上下游石油企业定价决策的影响情况。通过模型得到封闭市场下石油企业的国有化不会对上游定价产生影响,但下游市场上成品油价格下跌,产量增加,社会整体福利得到显著提升;开放市场上,石油企业的国有化造成的低价策略反而阻碍了下游市场上竞争对手的进入,并对上游企业的原油定价造成不利影响。本文还通过模型分别论述了石油企业国有属性产生的政府补贴强化了企业道德风险及开放市场中石油企业下游市场影响力的重要性,政府在进行石油企业的所有制改革及市场开放相关决策的同时,也面临着国企腐败及私企竞争能力不足的双重抉择。本文共分成五个章节,第一章为绪论部分,涉及文章的研究背景、相关文献综述、研究内容、创新及不足;第二章对国际石油产业链的的历史及现状加以回顾,并结合我国石油市场的主要特征,为下一章节模型的建立进行铺垫;第三章刻画了模型建立的详细过程,并比较不同市场环境及企业所有制下模型解——原油及成品油价格——的不同;第四章节结合模型解释市场环境和企业所有制如何影响上下游企业的定价行为并进一步讨论其中某些要素对企业行为的影响;第五章对本文内容进行总结并提出相关的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for crude oil and other commodities in the domestic market continues to expand. China has become the second largest crude oil importing and consuming country in the world. As a Chinese oil enterprise that monopolizes this huge consumer market, In the downstream market, the refining sector has been in a state of loss for a long time and has received huge subsidies from the government, while the upstream market was once in a weak position when negotiating prices with crude oil supply enterprises. The problem of weak international competitiveness of enterprises has been puzzling the Chinese petroleum industry. This paper analyzes the closed or open market environment by investigating the upstream and downstream market structure of the international oil industry chain and establishing the corresponding mathematical model and deducing it. The influence of ownership structure of downstream oil enterprises on the pricing decisions of upstream and downstream oil enterprises. Through the model, the nationalization of oil enterprises in closed market will not have an impact on upstream pricing, but the price of refined oil products in the downstream market will fall. The increase in production has led to a significant increase in the welfare of society as a whole; on the open market, the low price strategy resulting from the nationalization of oil companies has instead hindered the entry of competitors in the downstream market. This paper also discusses the importance of the government subsidies produced by the state-owned attributes of the oil enterprises to strengthen the moral hazard of the enterprises and the influence of the downstream market of the oil enterprises in the open market. The government is faced with the dual choice of state-owned enterprise corruption and the lack of competitive power of private enterprises, while carrying on the ownership reform of petroleum enterprises and the decision of market opening. This paper is divided into five chapters, the first chapter is the introduction part. The second chapter reviews the history and current situation of the international oil industry chain, and combines the main characteristics of China's oil market. The third chapter describes the detailed process of model establishment, and compares the price of crude oil and refined oil under different market environment and enterprise ownership. Chapter four explains how the market environment and enterprise ownership influence the pricing behavior of upstream and downstream firms and further discusses the influence of some of the factors on the enterprise behavior. The fifth chapter summarizes the content of this paper and puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F416.22

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