相对偏向型技术进步对产业结构偏离影响的理论和实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:07

本文选题：劳动异质性　切入点：产业结构偏离度　出处：《华中科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,中国产业结构偏离现象持续,第一产业滞留大量劳动力,同时又存在“民工荒”和大学生就业难等就业压力。理论上讲,产业间技术进步差异能有效解释产业结构偏离。现有文献对产业结构偏离分析忽略了劳动异质性,在探讨技术进步对其影响时局限于实证分析,缺少理论支撑。本文主要从理论和实践上探讨相对偏向型技术进步对产业结构偏离程度的作用机制和具体影响。通过对当前中国经济结构现状进行分析,本文发现,中国第二、三产业还存在巨大吸纳就业空间。在劳动异质情况下,现有关于第一产业和第三产业结构偏离程度的估计偏高,第二产业结构偏离被低估。且第二产业就业主要为低人力资本劳动力,劳动力需求层次较低,第三产业吸纳就业广泛,但发展不足。通过对二、三产业技术进步现状分析发现,二、三产业技术进步均表现为资本偏向型技术进步,而第二产业相对于第三产业整体表现为相对资本偏向型技术进步。进而,基于当前中国经济结构和技术进步现状,本文构建理论模型,探讨相对偏向型技术进步对产业结构偏离的作用。通过理论推导发现,相对有偏的技术进步会使产业结构发生偏离,且不合理的技术进步将使得产业结构偏离度进一步恶化,具体表现为:当产业结构偏离度为正(负)时,相对资本(劳动)偏向型技术进步将进一步扩大产业结构偏离程度。最后,通过系统性地实证分析,发现中国第二产业相对资本偏向的技术进步对其产业结构偏离度有扩张作用。同时指出,解决中国产业结构偏离和就业问题的重点在于刺激消费,优化劳动力供给结构,提高劳动者素质,推进城镇化进程和完善市场机制。
[Abstract]:At present, the phenomenon of industrial structure deviation in China continues, the first industry is stranded in a large number of labor force, and there are employment pressures such as "shortage of migrant workers" and employment difficulties for college students.In theory, the difference of technological progress between industries can effectively explain the deviation of industrial structure.The existing literature neglects the labor heterogeneity in the analysis of industrial structure deviation, and it is limited to empirical analysis when discussing the influence of technological progress on it, and lacks theoretical support.This paper mainly discusses the mechanism and concrete influence of relative biased technological progress on the degree of industrial structure deviation from theory and practice.By analyzing the present situation of China's economic structure, this paper finds that there is still huge room for employment in the second and third industries of China.In the case of labor heterogeneity, the existing estimates of the degree of deviation of the structure of the primary industry and the tertiary industry are on the high side, and the deviation of the secondary industry structure is underestimated.The employment of the secondary industry is mainly low labor force with low labor demand, and the tertiary industry absorbs employment widely, but it is underdeveloped.Through the analysis of the present situation of technological progress in the second and third industries, it is found that the technological progress of the second and third industries is characterized by capital-biased technological progress, while the secondary industry is characterized by the relative capital-biased technological progress relative to the tertiary industry as a whole.Then, based on the current situation of economic structure and technological progress in China, this paper constructs a theoretical model to discuss the effect of relative biased technological progress on the deviation of industrial structure.Through theoretical deduction, it is found that relatively biased technological progress will cause deviation of industrial structure, and unreasonable technological progress will further worsen the degree of industrial structure deviation, which is manifested as: when the deviation degree of industrial structure is positive (negative),Relative capital (labor) biased technological progress will further expand the degree of deviation of industrial structure.Finally, through systematic empirical analysis, it is found that the technological progress of relative capital bias of China's secondary industry has an expansion effect on the deviation of its industrial structure.At the same time, it is pointed out that the key to solve the problem of industrial structure deviation and employment in China lies in stimulating consumption, optimizing the structure of labor supply, improving the quality of workers, promoting the process of urbanization and perfecting the market mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F224;F121.3;F124.3

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